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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM > Heart And Cardiac > Flashcards

Heart And Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 covering of heart

A

Pericardium
Parietal pericardium:
Visceral pericardium:
Pericardial cavity:

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2
Q

What are the 4 covering of heart

A

Pericardium
Parietal pericardium:
Visceral pericardium:
Pericardial cavity:

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3
Q

double-layered sac that anchors and protects heart

A

Parietal Pericardium

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4
Q

membrane on heart’s surface

A

Visceral pericardium

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5
Q

space around heart

A

Pericardial cavity

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6
Q

3 heart layers

A

Myocardium
Epicardium
Endocardium

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7
Q

surface of heart (outside)

A

Epicardium

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8
Q

thick, middle layer composed of cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

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9
Q

smooth, inner surface

A

Endocardium

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10
Q

•4 Chambers of heart

A

left atrium (LA)
right atrium (RA)
left ventricle (LV)
right ventricle (RV)

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11
Q

separates atria from ventricles

A

Coronary surcus

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12
Q

Upper portion; Holding chambers
• Small, thin walled, contract minimally to push blood into ventricles

A

Atria

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13
Q

Seprate left and right atria

A

Interatrial septum:

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14
Q

Lower portion; Pumping chambers
• Thick, strong walled, contract forcefully to propel blood out of heart

A

Ventricles

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15
Q

Separate left and right ventricles

A

Interventricular septum:

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16
Q

structures that ensure 1-way blood flow

A

Valves

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17
Q

between atria and ventricles

A

Atrioventricular valves (AV):

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18
Q

AV valve between RA and RV; 3 cusps

A

Tricuspid valve:

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19
Q

AV valve between LA and LV; 2 cusps

A

Bicuspid valve (mitral):

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20
Q

What are the two valves in Atrioventricular valves

A

Tricuspid and Bicuspid

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21
Q

base of pulmonary trunk

A

Pulmonary

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22
Q

base of aorta

A

Aortic

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23
Q

attached to AV valve flaps ; support valves

A

Chordae tendinee:

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24
Q

What happens when Bicuspid Valve is Open?

A

Blood flows from LA into LV.
Aortic semilunar valve is closed.
• Tension on chordae tendineae is low.

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25
Q

What happens when Bicuspid Valve is Closed?

A

Blood flows from LV into aorta.
Aortic semilunar valve is open.
Tension on chordae tendineae is high.

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26
Q

carries blood from heart to lungs
• blood is 02 poor, COz rich

A

Pulmonary Circuit

RIGHT SIDE OF HEART: Pulmonary circuit

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27
Q

receives blood from 3 places:
of lungs where
superior and inferior vena cava and coronary
gas exchange occurs
Sinus

A

Right atrium

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28
Q

drains blood above diaphragm (head, neck, thorax, upper limbs)

A

Superior vena cava

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29
Q

drains blood below diaphragm (abdominopelvic cavity and lower limbs)

A

Inferior venacava

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30
Q

drains blood from myocardium

A

Coronary sinus

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31
Q

carries blood from heart to body
• blood is 02 rich, CO2 poor

A

Systemic Circuit
LEFT SIDE OF HEART: Systemic circuit:

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32
Q

openings (pulmonary veins) that receive blood from lungs

A

Left atrium

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33
Q

opens into aorta
• thicker, contracts more forcefully, higher blood pressure than right ventricle has to get to body

A

Left ventricle

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34
Q

carries blood from Left Ventricle to body

A

Aorta

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35
Q

BLOOD SUPPLIES
supply blood to heart wall
• originate from base of aorta (above aortic semilunar valve)

A

Coronary arteries

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36
Q

has 3 branches
supply blood to anterior heart wall and left ventricle

A

Left coronary artery

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37
Q

originates on right side of aorta o supply blood to right ventricle

A

Right coronary artery

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38
Q

Changes in membrane channels’ permeability are responsible for producing action potentials and is called?

A

pacemaker potential.

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39
Q

What are two Depolarization phase:

A

Nat channels open
- Ca? channels open

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40
Q

What are two Depolarization phase:

A

Nat channels open
- Ca? channels open

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41
Q

Na channels close
Ca^2 channels reamain open
Some K channels open

A

Plateau phase:

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42
Q

K + open
Ca^2+ close

A

Repolarization phase

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43
Q

contraction of atria and ventricles by cardiac muscle cells

A

Conduction System

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44
Q

in RA,where action potential originates, functions as pacemaker
large number of Ca?* channels

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node):

45
Q

Path of Action Potential through Heart

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node (atrioventricular)
  3. AV bundle
  4. Right and Left Bundle branches
  5. Purkinje fibers
46
Q

• record of electrical events in heart
• diagnoses cardiac abnormalities
• uses electrodes
• contains P wave, QRS complex, T wave

A

Electrocardiogram

47
Q

• Heart is 2 side by side pumps:

A

Right and left

48
Q

primers for pumps

A

Atria

49
Q
  1. repetitive pumping action which includes contraction and relaxation
  2. Cardiac muscle contractions produce pressure changes within heart chambers.
  3. Pressure changes are responsible for blood movement.
  4. Blood moves from areas of high to low pressure.
A

Cardiac cycle

50
Q

contraction of atria

A

Atrial systole:

51
Q

contraction of ventricles

A

Ventricular systole:

52
Q

relaxation of atria

A

Atrial diastole:

53
Q

relaxation of ventricles

A

Ventricular diastole:

54
Q

used to hear lung and heart sounds

A

Stethoscope

55
Q

First sound____second sound_____

A

Lubb
Dupp

56
Q

Sounds result from____

A

opening and closing valves

57
Q

It is due to faulty valves

A

Murmurs

58
Q

volume of blood pumped per ventricle per contraction
• 70 ml/beat

A

Stroke volume

59
Q

number of heart beats in 1 min.
72 beats per min

A

Heart Rate:

60
Q

It is the product of the heart rate (HR) and the stroke volume (SV)

A

Cardiac output

61
Q

mechanisms contained within heart

A

Intrinsic Regulation

62
Q

mechanisms contained within heart

A

Intrinsic Regulation

63
Q

amount of blood that returns to heart

A

Venous return

64
Q

ventricular walls are stretched at end of diastole

A

Preload:

65
Q

relationship between preload and stroke volume influences cardiac output (Ex. Exercise increases venous return, preload, stroke volume, and cardiac output)

A

Starlings Law of the Heart:

66
Q

pressure against which ventricles must pump blood

A

After load

67
Q

It is mechanisms external to heart
• nervous or chemical regulation

A

Extrinsic Regulation

68
Q

• mechanism of nervous system which regulates heart function
• keeps heart rate and stroke volume in normal range
• baroreceptors monitor blood pressure in aorta and carotid arteries (carry blood to brain)
•changes in blood pressure cause changes in frequency of action potentials involves medulla oblongata

A

Baroreceptor Reflex

69
Q

It is oxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary vein

70
Q

It is un oxygenated oxygen

A

Pulmonary artery

71
Q

Rv to pulmonary. Called?

A

Cardiac notch

72
Q

Other name of inhilatio

A

Inspiration

73
Q

Other name of exhalation

A

Expiration

74
Q

Other name of exhalation

A

Expiration

75
Q

LV TO AORTA

A

Cardiac output

76
Q

What are the 3 carries oxygenated blood

A

Venacava
Veins
Venule

77
Q

What are the 3 carries oxygenated blood

A

Venacava
Veins
Venule

78
Q

It is eardown pulse

A

Caltit pulse

79
Q

It is capitate fosa to ulna

A

Brachial pulse

80
Q

It is capitate fosa to ulna

A

Brachial pulse

81
Q

It is pulse in the down of palm

A

Radial pulse

82
Q

It is pulse in the down of palm

A

Radial pulse

83
Q

It is pulse in the temporal head

A

Temporal fosa

84
Q

What are the pulse in upper limb

A

Temporal pulse
Caltit pulse
Brachial pulse
Radial pulse

85
Q

What are the pulse in upper limb

A

Temporal pulse
Caltit pulse
Brachial pulse
Radial pulse

86
Q

Pulse in inguinal

A

Inguinal pulse

87
Q

Pulse in puplitial fosa

A

Puplitial pulse

88
Q

Metatarsal part pulse

A

Dorasalis perlis pulse

89
Q

Last pulse that will hear and feel

A

Apical/Apec pulse in LV

90
Q

Where can check the pulse of babies

A

Brachial pulse

91
Q

Where can check the adult pulse

A

Carotive pulse

92
Q

Large vein

A

Varicous vein

93
Q

Varicous vein of testis

A

Varicocele

94
Q

Normal vital sign of pulse rate

A

60-100 bpm

95
Q

Normal VS or respiratory rate

A

12-20 cpm/bpm

96
Q

High respiratory called?
Low respiratory called?

A

Tachypnea
Brachypnea

97
Q

Normal blood pressure

A

12/20 milimeter mercury

98
Q

Normal Blood Temperature

A

36-37.5 degree celcious

99
Q

Safetest bp

A

100/80 or 70
110/80 or 70

100
Q

High 80

A

Hepertension

101
Q

Below 80

A

Hypotension

102
Q

More than 100
Less 60 bits

A

Tachycardiac
Brachycardiac

103
Q

Reaction to body

A

Physiology

104
Q

Disease of problem

A

Pathology

105
Q

There is backflow and repump

A

Incopetent valve

106
Q

It is brain blood brain clot

A

Embolism

107
Q

It is heart workload increase

A

Stenosis/stiff

108
Q

Heart enlargement

A

Cardiomegali

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM (11 decks)

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