In Class Notes Flashcards
Crossings vs hybrids
Crossings are the mix if same species
Eg kerner and muller
Hybrid= mix of 2 species illegal in EU
How many native gvs
Over 500 officially recognized
10-15 per year added
Over 200 well rep’d in vineyards
How Italian grapes are named:
1 physical attributes Colour, shape, bunch shape, size One of biggest groups of names Eg: Nero, bianco, rosso, verde prefixes Can be subtle: ansonica takes name from salo=burnished copper, grapes have bronze hue when ripe
Physical attributes cont By the way grapes behave: Productive capacity Eg: cattaratto: cataracts/waterfall Caricante: derives from Cari cari donkey load
Place of origin:
Very popular roman time
Greco
Malvasia
Name grapes after saints/people
Falanghina
Campania, Puglia
Believed to be one of Campania oldest varieties
Derived from Latin falangae (pole)
Poles used to support in vyd similar to phalanx of men military formation
2 genetically distinct falanghinas
First bottled mono in1979 by Mustilli from Sant’Agata dei goti area of Campania
Falanghina flegrea
Naples, Caserta mainly
But can be grown anywhere in Campania as well as Molise, Lazio, and N puglia
Cylindrical bunch, yellow green with bloom
Brought back from almost extinction by Martusciello family that propagated it in Campi Flegrei zone
Falanghina beneventana
ID later than felegri was
Conical cluster
Believed to originate in Bonea
Was thought to be same as Biancazita variety from Campania coast but not true
Falanghina DOC’s
Blended: Falerno del Massico Campi Felegri Bianco Capri bianco Costa'd'almafi bianco Lacrima christi del Vesuvio bianco Penisola Sorrentina
Majority:
Benevento DOC
Subzones:
Taburno falanghina
Falanghina Sant'Agata dei goti
Falanghina guardiolo
Falanghina solopaca
Sannio falanghina
And 50 IGTs
Timorasso
Piedmont Intensely herbal and mineral Resurfaced due to Walter Massa Found in southern piedmont Aka timuasso Was once much more widely planted Parentage relationship with Lambruschetto Has berries of diff sizes Floral abortion Thin skinned Doesn't always ripen Best known in Colli tortonesi
Crisp high acid very mineral, in ripe stone fruit- similar to dry Riesling
Rediscovered in 2000
Wine terpenes
Linalool- herbal-common in lavender and cannabis
Geraniol- rose petals
Nerol- green herbal, lemongrass derivative of blossoms of bitter orange tree
Erbaluce
Piedmont
Erba(green) luce (light )
Name is corruption of early dawn light
Aka bianchera, albaluce, ambra, Brian r ousti, uva rustia
Also called Greco and Greco di caluso but this is wrong
Historically high quality wine
High acid, usually canopy trained system called topia
Buds early, high vigour, but susceptible to disease and magnesium deficiency
Appearance: bulbous leaf, round shape
Med sized bunch, elongated round thick skinned berries
2 biotypes, but one has basically disappeared
4 clones available
Planted mainly outside Turin as well as provinces of Biella and Novara
Has been sporadically planted in Lombardy
Erbaluce DOCS(g)
Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG
100%
Has crus: baiarada
Barbetta
Castellazzo
Feralda
Macellio
Montasso
Sant'Andrea
SNt'antonio
Santa Croce
DOCG Caluso passito
Other docs
Colline novaresi erbaluce
Coste della sesia Erbaluce
Erbaluce wine notes and styles
Still, spk, sweet
Dry: fresh, floral, cloraphyl and apricot
Sweet: tannic quLity, nut, honey, dried fig
Spkling: high acid
Kerner
Alto Adige
Needs altitude
Trolling ER& Riesling
Nerello Mascalese
Sicily, Calabria
Even in 1080s was unknown grape
Was simply called Nero, and wines vini Nero
Aka: niureddu
Believed to be natural crossing of Sangiovese and Mantonico (sibling of gaglioppo)
Many biotypes
Comical/cylindrical bunch, winged , oval berries that are light blue
Irregular producer
Not resistant to disease
Late ripener
Main home is NE Sicily near towns of Messina and Catania
Nerello Mascalese anthocyanin profile
Concentration of peonin and cyanin of over 50%
With low presence of actuated pigments
Some biotypes can range
Messina strait
Narrow strait between eastern tip is sicily and western tip of Calabria
Connect the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Ionian Sea
Nerello Mascalese Grand crus
Randazzo
Linguaglossa
Milo
Nerello Mascalese DOCs
DOC Etna Rosso 60-80%
Blended with cappuccio
DOC Faro 45-60%
Blended with nerello cappucio, nocera, Nero d’Avola, gaglioppo, Sangiovese
Pecorino comeback
Late 1970s
Cafini had some planted for personal use
Cocci grifoni bought vineyard, propagated, and originally labeled wine Collivecchio
Now 80 producers
Pecorino
Marche, Abruzzo, Lazio, Tuscany, Umbria Has sterile base buds so good in pergola system. Prefers cooler, very resistant 3 biotypes: Numerous clones
Pecorino DOCs
Marche DOC offida pecorino 85% best pure example Blender in: DOC falerio dei colli ascolani DOC colli Maceratesi
Abruzzo
DOC controguerra -blended
DOC abruzzo max 50%
Schioppetino
FVG Aka Pocalza, ribolla nera Name maybe from "crunchy berry" Large bunch, large berries, sensitive, late ripener, irregular yield 2 clones Black currant, black cherry Pepper, high acidity, smooth tannins
Schioppettino DOCs
DOC Friuli colli orientali
100%
Crus: prepotto
Albana
Cialla
DOC Friuli isonzo
Min 85%
Schipettino history
Was not included in list of official grapes so was illegal to use in 70’s
Paulo Rapuzi in 1975 planted vyd. Was aided by Nonino family who created award for promoting friulian wine
Became allowed by 1977
GCs prepotto & albana
Mazzon
Best single vyd site for PN in Alto Adige
GCs for Carigiano
Calasetta and sant’antioco
Carignano
Sardinia
Traditional not native 400+ yrs in Sardinia
Aka uva di Spagna , axina de Spagna mazuelo (Spain)possible same as Boval Grande
Needs heat and dry
Susceptible to odium
Grown mainly around Sulcis
Does well in sandy soils
Blue fruit, plummy, flinty
Also small plantings in Lazio, Marche, Sicily, Umbria
Carignano DOCs
DOC carignano del Sulcis
Very old vines
Also included in DOC Sicilia blends
Gewürztraminer in Italy
Alto Adige
Dry style
Traminer aromatico
Grignolino styles/regions
D’Asti-perfumed
Monferrato Casale - heavier
Piedmont -
Grignolino
Wants sun, native to monferrato hills
Aka : balestra, verbesino, arlandino, rossetto, barbesino
Genotype
TotL DNA that determines phenotype
Phenotype
The appearance which is determined by genotype
Biotype
Something that lives in specific area and looks different to another being that is very genetically similar
Each biotype has similar genotype but distinct phenotype in response to environment
Clone vs biotype
Clone is an exact duplicate, biotype is a progression and eventually to distinct variety as mutations accumulate
Mutations
There is a limit to how
Much a grape can change as some mutations are not compatible with survival
Also can be a mutation that causes radical appearance change, hits specific area of DNA
Lethal mutations are evolutionary protection.
