Impulse-Control Disorders Flashcards
Core of Impulse-Control Disorders
- Relief of tension to do something through instant gratification
- Repeated failure to resist impulses
3 Impulse-Control Disorders (ICD)
- Kleptomania
- Pyromania
- Intermittent Explosive Disorder
ICD & Conduct disorders that used to be categorized by OCD
Kleptomania & Pyromania
What are ICD’s very comorbid with?
- Mood disorders
- Anxiety disorders
- Substance (alcohol) use disorders
- ED
- Gambling disorders
Effects of ICD
Impairing, can lead to incarceration
Kleptomania definition
Repeatedly fail to resist impulses to steal things
- for reasons other than personal use/gain
Prevalence of kleptomania
2/3 of those diagnosed are female, but could be under diagnosed (mood disorder, etc)
-0.6% of population
AOO of Kleptomania
14 to 20 in women, earlier in men
Treatment for kleptomania
CBT
- used to find triggers and cope with urges
Pyromania definition
Repeatedly fail to resist impulses to deliberately start fires
- to relieve tension, not for personal gain
- Frequently, fixation on institutions or paraphernalia of fire
- can watch fires, set off false alarms, become a firefighter
Prevalence of pyromania
0.03%, very rare
predominantly male
AOO of pyromania
18 years old
Treatment of pyromania
CBT + certain meds
- case studies show complete remission
Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) definition
Explosive outbursts of anger and violence disproportionate
to the situation
- very emotional and impulsive, not premeditative
- verbally or physically aggressive at least twice a week
- usually follows interpersonal conflicts
Complication with IED research
Not much research done, mostly looking at aggressive/impulsive acts
Reported feelings during/after IED outbursts
Different feelings
- 50% felt panicked, distressed
- 50% felt detached
Tension needs to be relieved, afterwards feel relieved, but also remorseful/embarrassed/disappointed (not psychopaths)
Difference between bad behaviour and IED
Impairs life in various areas, can’t handle social situations properly
IED prevailence
- 8-6.2% (most prevalent ICD)
- higher in: military (even higher in those who enlist), clinical pop, males
Protective factor against IED
Higher education
AOO of IED
10-15 years old
- could be linked to hormones
IED comorbidity
- Mood disorders
- Anxiety disorders
- SUD
- PTSD
- Personality disorders
But IED tends to come first
Psychological characteristics of IED
- Maladaptive defence mechanisms
- Poor emotional regulation
- Hostile attribution bias (comorbid with BPD)
- More neg affect, less positive affect
Biological underpinnings of IED
The corticolimbic circuitry is impaired
- the amygdala activity is heightened, and the orbitofrontal activity is lowered (in response to angry faces)
Serotonin levels in IED
Altered functioning
- SSRI’s can be used to treat aggression
