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PSYC 5160 > Impression > Flashcards

Impression Flashcards

1
Q

impression formation

A

ASCH’S CONFIGURAL TRAITS
biases: primacy/recency; +ve/-ve
cognitive algebra

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2
Q

ASCH’S CONFIGURAL TRAITS

A

some traits are disproportionally higher than other traits eg warm vs cold

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3
Q

Implicit personality theories

A

Our own thinking on how different characteristics come together to form certain types of personality

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4
Q

primacy effect

A

1st thing > strongest impression

eg. student rating teacher
beginning correlate with end

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5
Q

recency effect

A

last thing > strongest impression

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6
Q

cognitive algebra

A

weighted average of impressions

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7
Q

schema

A

social cognition

Mental structures people use to organize their knowledge about the social world by themes or subjects
­
schemas powerfully affect what information we notice, think about, and remember

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7
Q

schema

A

social cognition

Mental structures people use to organize their knowledge about the social world by themes or subjects
­
schemas powerfully affect what information we notice, think about, and remember

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8
Q

­ Self schemas

A

influences the way we process information and how we feel about ourselves

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9
Q

Schematic traits

A

Beliefs (the cognitive part) that are organized around specific traits or features that we think of as most central or important to our image of ourselves
­
intelligent, slim, athletic, kind-hearted, …

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10
Q

person schema

A

humans: think of the occupations at first
or sensitive to their culture
eg. japanese - blood type

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11
Q

­ Role schemas

A

knowledge structures about role occupants (social group)

eg. man vs woman on a date

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12
Q

Scripts

A

A schema about an event

eg. going to a restaurant, cinema, party, football

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13
Q

categorization

A

A collection of instances have a family resemblance among each other
­
We may categorize persons, events, or situations into different schemas based on

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14
Q

Prototype

A

A schema defined by the specific features of a particular type of a person, social role, or situation.
­
It is abstract or constructed from different
instances
­
Can be an average member, an ideal member, or an extreme member
­
It is possible that there is not an instance that can fit the prototype perfectly
­
For example, a righteous person: Honest,
brave, …

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15
Q

Exemplar

A

An example of a category that embodies the significant attributes of the category or the ideal of that category. It is a real and specific member of the category

16
Q

SCHEMA USE

A

Tend to use categories that are neither
too broad nor too specific, i.e., subtypes
rather than super-ordinate or
subordinate categories

Tend to access role schemas rather than
trait schemas

Tend to access schemas cued by easily
detected features or features that are
contextually distinctive

Tend to use schemas that are personally
important and relevant

17
Q

SCHEMA DEVELOPMENT

A

Dynamic and not static

Can be acquired via second-hand
experience

As more instances are encountered, a
schema should become more abstract,
complex, organized, compact, resilient and
accurate

Revision of schema through
­ Bookkeeping
­ Conversion
­ Sub-typing

18
Q

SOCIAL INFERENCE

A

Regression towards the mean
Base-rate information
Illusory correlation

19
Q

Regression towards the mean

A

An evaluation becoming less extreme as more cases are encountered

20
Q

base-rate information

A

people tend to ignore the base rate

21
Q

illusory correlation

A

­ Perceiving relation between two things while in actuality there is no association

22
Q

Associative meaning

A

­ Objects as seemed to be belonging to each other because of prior expectations

23
Q

Paired-distinctiveness

A

Less common behaviors are associated with a less common group
rare group > rare behaviour

24
Q

HEURISTICS

A
  1. representative heuristics
  2. availability heuristics
  3. anchor and adjustment
25
Q

Representative heuristics

A

A strategy for making judgments based on the extent to which current stimuli or events resemble ones we view as being typical

25
Q

Anchoring and adjustment

A

The tendency for a starting value to unduly influence judgments or decisions.

26
Q

Availability heuristics

A

A strategy for making judgments on the basis of how easily specific kinds of information can be brought to mind. Information that can be easily remembered is viewed as more frequent or important
that information that cannot be readily remembered

PSYC 5160 (10 decks)

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