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PSYC 5160 > Attraction > Flashcards

Attraction Flashcards

1
Q

Exchange relationships

A

exchange for my own good

hope to gain interest

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2
Q

Communal relations

A

care for each other

can reverse back to exchange relations

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3
Q

cost-reward ratio

A

Tenant of social exchange theory, according to which liking for another is determined by calculating what it will cost to be reinforced by that person

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4
Q

Minimax strategy

A

in relating to others, we try to minimise the costs and maximise the rewards that accrue

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5
Q

Distributive justice

A

the fairness of the outcome of a decision

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6
Q

Procedural justice

A

the fairness of the procedures used to make a decision

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7
Q

Attachment

A

Need to affiliate: the urge to form connections and make contact with other people
> Underlies the way in which we form positive and lasting interpersonal relationships and also plays a key role in attachment to groups

reduce anxiety:

  1. A distraction from a worrying situation
  2. The need to affiliate
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8
Q

Hospitalism

A

A state of apathy and depression noted among institutionalised infants deprived of close contact with a caregiver

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9
Q

Attachment styles

A

Descriptions of the nature of people’s close relationships, thought to be established in childhood

  1. Secure
  2. avoidant
  3. anxious
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10
Q

Attachment behaviour

A

the tendency of an infant to maintain close physical proximity with the mother or primary caregiver

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11
Q

Relational models theory

A
  1. communal sharing
  2. authority ranking
  3. equality matching
  4. market pricing
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12
Q

communal sharing

A

based on a sense of sameness and kinship. Resources are generated by those in the group capable of doing so, and resources go to those in need

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13
Q

authority ranking

A

based on hierarchy, status, and a linear ordering of people within a group

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14
Q

equality matching

A

based on equality, reciprocity, and balance

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15
Q

market pricing

A

based on a sense of proportion, trade, and equity, in which people are concerned with ensuring that their inputs to a relationship correspond to what they get out of the relationship

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16
Q

Emotion-in-relationships model

A

close relationships provide a context that elicits strong emotions due to the increased probability of behaviour interrupting interpersonal expectations

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17
Q

Love

A

A combination of emotions, thoughts and actions which are often powerful, and usually associated with intimate relationships

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18
Q

Three-factor theory of love

A
  1. A cultural concept of love
  2. An appropriate person to love
  3. Emotional arousal
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19
Q

3 important aspects of love

A
  1. commitment
  2. passion
  3. intimacy
20
Q

Partner regulation

A

strategy to encourages a partner to match an ideal standard of behaviour

21
Q

Relationship dissolution model

A

Sequence through which most long term relationships proceed if they finally break down

  1. the intrapsychic phase: brooding With little workshop, perhaps in the hope of putting things right
  2. the dyadic phase: Deciding that some action should be taken, short of leaving the partner
  3. the social phase: Saying that the relationship is near an end (to other parties)
  4. the final grave-dressing phase: leaving and more eg. dividing properties
22
Q

Propinquity

A

the increased likelihood of developing a relationship with someone due to closeness in proximity, is influenced by not only physical distance but functional distance as well

physical distance: actual distance

functional distance: how likely (due to location or architecture) that people will come into contact with each other

Proximity encourages “passive” contacts

Anticipating interaction

The mere exposure effect

23
Q

Anticipating Interaction

A

Knowing that we are going to interact with someone makes us like that person more
Cognitive dissonance pressures to like those with whom we must associate

24
Q

The mere exposure effect

A

Repeated exposure leads to greater liking
familiarity > liking

Most effective if stimulus is initially viewed as positive or neutral
Pre-existing conflicts between people will get intensified, not decrease, with exposure
There is an optimal level of exposure:
too much can lead to boredom and satiation

25
Q

Similarity

A

Belief validation: Consensus validation of beliefs and attitudes is reinforcing

Smooth interactions: Similar preferences and intentions facilitates interactions

Expectancy of liking: Narcissistic (We like ourselves)
We like those who like us (reciprocity of liking)

Qualities that we like: Our beliefs and values are valid and desirable
Similar people also have these desirable qualities

26
Q

the matching principle

A

the tendency to choose similar others
People choose mates who are similar to themselves in terms of physical attractiveness and other characteristics (e.g., intelligence, Interests, demographics like age, education, religion, personality characteristics)

27
Q

Self disclosure

A

the sharing of Internet information and feelings with another person
> important determinant of long-term intimacy in a relationship
> Social penetration model: people share more intimate topics with a close friend than a casual acquaintance or stranger
> prefer other people who we feel more about their feelings and thoughts
> important in developing And maintaining relationships

28
Q

Cultural stereotypes

A

> An attractive person with perceived positively regardless of the ethnicity of the judge or of the target
North America: individualism-positive stereotypes include being assertive, dominant and strong
Koreas: collectivism-positive stereotypes include being empathetic, generous, sensitive, honest and trustworthy

29
Q

Halo effect

A

Beauty is more than skin deep
the tendency for positive impressions of a person, company, brand or product in one area to positively influence one’s opinion or feelings in other areas.

For both adults and children, attractiveness is strongly related to popularity, and to success for adults.

treated significantly more favorably

attractiveness effects extend beyond mere “opinions” of others and permeate actual actions towards others

Attractiveness is moderately related to both intelligence/performance and adjustment in children and to both dating and sexual experience in adults.

30
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

People judge a book by its cover

process through which an originally false expectation leads to its own confirmation

an individual’s expectations about another person or entity eventually result in the other person or entity acting in ways that confirm the expectations.
eg. members are stereotyped as intelligent > turn out to be more intelligent

31
Q

Antecedents of attractiveness

A
  1. immediacy
  2. biological
  3. prestige
32
Q

attraction: immediacy

A

physical attractiveness is in the foreground, it is perhaps the first stimulus we receive from a person

33
Q

Biology explanation of attractiveness

A
  1. Cross-cultural agreement on what is attractive
    Beauty is more than just in the eye of the beholder
  2. Reproductive fitness
34
Q

Prestige

A

Market-value hypothesis

eg. prince charles marrying Diana: more prestige
Camilla: less prestige

35
Q

Physical appearance good qualities

A 
for female
1. big eyes 
2. shorter chin
3. separation of eyes
4. small nose
5. big smile
* in red: more sexually attractive
> cultural traditions (eg. red lipstick) or gender stereotypes

for male:

  1. large eyes
  2. long chin
  3. small nose
  4. high status clothing
  5. big smile
36
Q

averageness effect

A

Humans have evolved to prefer average faces to those with unusual or distinctive features
> significant main effect

symmetry and averageness are correlated

37
Q

more feminine

A
  1. larger contrast between face vs eye area and mouth

2. whiter

38
Q

hungry men

A
  1. look for woman with higher BMI

2. more attracted to people with higher Waist-to-Hip Ratio (0.7 classic hourglass figure)

39
Q

excitation transfer theory

A

Physiological arousal can often be labeled (attributed) in different ways and can be transferred to and intensify unrelated emotional reactions

high attractiveness > higher romantic attraction
low attractiveness > lower romantic attraction

40
Q

Trait

A

likable, sympathetic, sincere

41
Q

Romantic attraction

A

physically attractive, sexy, like to date her, like to kiss her

42
Q

General attraction

A

similar they were to her, like to work with her, could get along with her, …

43
Q

Reinforcement-affect model

A

model of attraction which populates we like people who are around when we experience a positive feeling (which itself is reinforcing)

44
Q

Automatic activation

A

attitudes that have a strong ability to situational cues are more likely to automatically come to mind from memory

45
Q

Equity theory

A

a special case of social exchange theory that defines a relationship as equitable with the ratio of inputs to outcomes seem to be the same by both partners

2 Main situations:

  1. A mutual exchange of resources (Marriage)
  2. An exchange with limited resources must be distributed (such as a judge awarded compensation for injury)
46
Q

assortative mating

A

A non-random coupling of individuals based on their resemblance to each other on one or more characteristics

PSYC 5160 (10 decks)

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