Important Terms

Question 1

What is CONSTRUCTIVISM?

Answer 1

Constructivism - Knowledge is constructed by the individual through his interactions with his environment

Question 2

What is TRANSFER?

Answer 2

Transfer - A phenomenon in which something that was previously learned helps (positive transfer) or hinders (negative transfer) current learning; the influence of previously learned information on new situations or tasks

Question 3

What is ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT?

Answer 3

Zone of Proximal Development - the discrepancy between a child’s mental age (indicated by the static test) and the level he reaches in solving problems with assistance is the zone of his proximal development

Question 4

What is METACOGNITION?

Answer 4

Metacognition - in simple terms, it’s “Learning how to learn,” or learning how you learn best, least, etc.

Question 5

The Three Basic Elements of Metacognition are…

Answer 5

1. Developing a plan of action
2. Maintaining/monitoring the plan
3. Evaluating the plan

Question 6

What is SCAFFOLDING?

Answer 6

Scaffolding - A temporary learning aid designed to help the student grow in independence as a learner

Question 7

Some benefits of Scaffolding are…

Answer 7

Benefits:

• Provides clear directions
• Clarifies purpose
• Keeps students on task
• Offers assessment to clarify expectations (i.e. rubrics)
• Identifies the best sources to find information
• Reduces surprise, disappointment, and uncertainty
• Delivers efficiency
• Creates momentum

Question 8

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

Answer 8

Intrinsic Motivation - the motivation to engage in an activity for its own sake – People who are intrinsically motivated work on tasks because they find them enjoyable

Extrinsic Motivation - motivation to engage in an activity as a means to an end – Individuals who are extrinsically motivated work on tasks because they believe that participation will result in desirable outcomes such as a reward, teacher praise, or avoidance of punishment.

Question 9

What is READINESS?

Answer 9

Readiness is the appropriate time of learning.

Question 10

What are the six levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy, from low to high?

Answer 10

LOW:  Knowledge
           Understanding
           Application
           Analysis
           Synthesis
HIGH: Evaluation

Question 11

What is a SCHEMATA?

Answer 11

Schemata - An internal representation of the world; an organization of concepts and actions that can be revised by new information about the world.

In cognitive learning, large, basic units for organizing information. Schemata serve as guides describing what to expect in a given situation, how elements should fit together, the usual relationships among elements, and so on. A schema is like a model or stereotype.