important gen med Flashcards
What is cushing’s disease versus syndrome?
disease = cushings sx caused by a pituitary tumour
syndrome = another cause
What are possible causes of cushings syndrome
small cell carcinoma (lung ca) > secretes ACTH or ADH > cushings
adrenal tumour
What is the key hormonal change in Conn’s syndrome?
hyperaldosteronism > hypernatraemia + hypokalaemia
How is Conn’s treated?
spironolactone
How are the stages of AKI defined?
1: Creatinine is 1.5-1.9 times higher than baseline/ urine output < 0.5ml/kg for > 6 consecutive hours
2: Creatinine is 2-2.9 times higher than baseline/ urine output < 0.5ml/kg for > 12 consecutive hours
3: Creatinine is >3 times higher than baseline / urine output < 0.5ml/kg for > 24 consecutive hours/
anuria for > 12 hours
What meds can cause an AKI?
antihypertensives - ACEi, ARBs, CCBs, diuretics, b-blockers
NSAIDS, a-blockers, opioids, acyclovir, trimethoprim, lithium
Duodenal versus peptic ulcer - one differential?
peptic ulcer = pain IMMEDIATELY after eating
duodenal = short while after
How is a peptic ulcer terated?
1 PPI + clarithromycin + metronidazole/amoxicillin
What is the stepwise tx of COPD?
Features of steroid responsive (asthmatic features/variation in FEV1/atopy):
● Step 1: SABA or SAMA
● Step 2: SABA + LABA + ICS (if they were originally on SAMA, discontinue and start SABA)
● Step 3: SABA + LABA + ICS + LAMA
No features of steroid responsiveness:
● Step 1: SABA or SAMA
● Step 2: SABA + LABA + LAMA (if they were originally on SAMA, discontinue and start SABA)
What is Meniere’s disease?
intermittent episodes of vertigo, tinnitus + unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
How is meniere’s treated?
buccal prochlorperazine
Differentials for a painful red eye
orbital cellulitis: hot red swollen eyelid, ocular pain, opthalmoplegia, proptosis, loss of visual acuity = emergency
periorbital cellulitis: hot red swollen eyelid (NO opthalmoplegia/vision loss)
scleritis: painful red eye, tender on movement, a/w reduced visual acuity + photophobia, a/w connective tissue disorder eg RA
conjunctivitis: red eye (NO pain + no loss of visual acuity), lacrimation, itching, discharge
Tx for otitis externa
antibacterial/steroid ear drops eg ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone
How are haemorrhoids tx?
no prolapse: topical corticosteroids
prolapse on straining: 1. rubber band ligation (preferred), sclerotherapy, or infrared photocoagulation
prolapse on straining + need manual reduction: rubber band ligation
prolapse and can’t be reduced/external: haemorrhoidectomy
