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American Heritage FINAL > Important Figures > Flashcards

Important Figures Flashcards

1
Q

John Locke

A

Works: The second treatise

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2
Q

John Rolfe

A

Saved the colonies with the cultivation of tobacco in the colony of Virginia.

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3
Q

John Adams

A

The Atlas of Independence.

Advocate of the separation of powers and of checks and balances to protect agains the power of absolute government.

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4
Q

George Washington

A

The founding would have been impossible without Washington’s virtue and the virtue he inspired in others.
Emphasized the importance of self-interest as a motivating force.
Turned down the kingdom.
Optimistic about the future of America.
Consistently supported the document at the convention.

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5
Q

David Hume

A

Argued that man is “self-regarding”.

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6
Q

John Winthrop

A

Known for views on human nature.
“because you elected me, you now need to listen to me”.
People should be made to do only that which is deemed right by the authorities in power.

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7
Q

John Smith

A

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8
Q

John Calvin

A

Preached to the puritans that God chose in advance who would be damned.

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9
Q

1) Charles the I

A

Worked for years to establish absolute rule.

English Civil War, was beheaded outside his palace.

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10
Q

2) Oliver Cromwell

A

Ruled a “commonwealth” of English Scotland and Ireland.

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11
Q

3) Charles II

A

Restored to his father’s throne.

They could not get along without a king.

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12
Q

4) James the II

A

Favored religious liberty for Catholics.
“declaration of indulgence”
Required public officials to declare themselves against Catholic doctrine.

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13
Q

The Whigs

A

Organized opposition to Charles II and James II.

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14
Q

Tories

A

Individuals drawn to the centers of power.

Loyal to Britain and the King.

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15
Q

Jefferson Smith

A

Refused to yield.

Self interested or virtuous?

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16
Q

Edmund Burke

A

Not interested in doing what the people want.

Self interested or virtuous?

17
Q

Toussaint Louverture

A

Great revolutionary.

Wanted an economically restricted and authoritarian society with him at the center.

18
Q

Jean Jacques Dessalines

A

Louverture’s successor.
Ruthless.
No institutions created.

19
Q

John Hancock

A

Agreed to support ratification of the constitution despite some of his reservations.

20
Q

Adam Smith

A

Opposed mercantilists.

Like John Locke, he places the rights of the people above the rulers.

21
Q

James Madison

A 
Father of the constitution.
Authored the Virginia Plan.
Instrumental in achieving ratification.
Wrote the federalist papers.
Changed his mind about the bill of rights and made a deal with Mason.
22
Q

Robert Dahl

A

Points out the flaws in the constitution.

23
Q

Russ Roberts

A

Wrote “how democratic is the American constitution?”

“marvel that the massive coordination and cooperation problem gets solved every day without anyone being in charge.”

24
Q

Matthew Ridley

A

Wrote “when ideas have sex”
The rate of innovation is accelerated when everyone’s ideas “meet and mate”.
Connections lead to advances in technology and the standard of living.

25
Q

Samuel Adams

A

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26
Q

Thomas Paine

A

Wrote “common sense”
Successful piece of propaganda.
The revolution needs to be in the minds and hearts of the people.

27
Q

Pauline Maier

A

The Declaration of Independence was designed for domestic consumption.
At firs the people disregarded it!

28
Q

William Paterson

A

Advocated the rights of small states.

Authored the New Jersey Plan.

29
Q

James Wilson

A

Advocated a strong, independently elected executive.

30
Q

Roger Sherman

A

Self-taught lawyer who helped draft the Declaration of Independence.
Proposed the great compromise.

31
Q

Gouverneur Morris

A

Drafted the constitution.

32
Q

George Mason

A

Authored the Virginia Declaration of Rights.

Did not sign the constitution because it lacked a bill of rights.

33
Q

John Rutledge

A

Strongly defended slavery at the convention.

From South Carolina.

34
Q

Benjamin Franklin

A

Represented Pennsylvania at the convention.

Endorsed the constitution and backed it with his prestige.

35
Q

Abigail Adams

A

John Adam’s wife, sometimes considered to have been a founder of the US.
Said that the women will not hold themselves bound by any laws where they have no voice or representation.
“be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors.”

36
Q

Anti-federalists

A

Proposed a national government would be too strong and too distant.
The constitution placed very little emphasis on republican virtue: it was all about incentives and structure.
The constitution lacked a bill of rights.

37
Q

Federalists

A

Responded to the anti-federalists agreeing to pass a bill of rights.
Auxiliary precautions are necessary! You can’t simply depend on the people’s virtue.
The division of sovereignty means that the government would never tyrannize the people.

38
Q

George Mason

A

Refused to sign the constitution because it didn’t have a bill of rights.

American Heritage FINAL (8 decks)

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