importance of atp.1 Flashcards
how much energy is released when atp is converted to adp
30.6 kJ
what is the enzyme that breaks down atp to adp
ATPase
site of respiration in eukaryotic cells
the mitochondria
what can enter a mitochondrion
pyruvate (3C)
amino acids
oxygen
reduced NAD
adp
pi
fatty acids
what will exit the mitochondrion
carbon dioxide
water
ATP
NAD
why are mitochondria long and thin
shorter diffusion pathway
larger surface area to volume ratio
uses for atp in the body
muscle contraction
dna/rna synthesis
active transport
what type of cells require a large amount of mitochondria
liver cells
muscle cells
where does glycolysis take place
in the cytoplasm of the cell
why does glycolysis occur in the cytoplasm
because the glucose molecules are too large to pass into the mitochondria
what is the main goal of glycolysis
to break down glucose into two pyruvate molecules
what type of phosphorylation does glycolysis use
substrate level phosphorylation
define substrate level phosphorylation
when phosphate groups are transferred form the donor molecules to ADP to synthesise ATP
three steps of glycolysis
1) the phosphorylation (addition of phosphate group) to form hexose biphosphate
2) the lysis of glucose biphosphate to form two triose phosphate molecules
3) the oxidation of the triose phosphate molecules to form pyruvate. and the reduction of NAD to form NADH
how is NADH created during glycolysis
using dehydrogenase.
the coenzymes NAD and FAD accept the protons (and become oxidised) and carry them to the mitochondrial cristae so that the last stage of respiration can occur.
