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biology > Cell Structure (1.2) > Flashcards

Cell Structure (1.2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Define a eukaryotic cell

A

A type of cell that has a true nucleus. Along with membrane bound organelles !!

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2
Q

Describe the structure of the nucleus

A

•Nuclear envelope (semi-permeable + double membraned) ((allows DNA/RNA to pass out of cell))

•Nuclear pores (allow substances out of nucleus)

•Nucleus is DENSE !! (Made of RNA/Proteins) ((synthesises ribosomes))

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3
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

•contain DNA coiled around chromatin into chromosomes.

• control cellular activities

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4
Q

What is chromatin

A

A DNA protein complex found in EUKARYOTIC CELLS !!!!!!

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5
Q

describe the mitochondria

A

. Double membrane (mitochondrial envelope)
. Folded inner membrane (cristae)
.fluid matrix (contains lipids/proteins/enzymes)

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6
Q

function of mitochondria

A

ATP synthesis

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7
Q

structure of ER

A

. membrane-bound sacs within cytoplasm
. rER / sER

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8
Q

functon of sER

A

lipid synthesis

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9
Q

function of rER

A

ribosomes attached for protein synthesis and transport

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10
Q

structure of ribosome

A

. made of rRNA
. found floating free in cytoplasm or attached to rER

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11
Q

function of ribosomes

A

protein synthesis

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12
Q

function of golgi body

A

modifies and packs proteins

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13
Q

structure of lysosome

A

fluid filled vesicle (contains enzymes)

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14
Q

function of lysosomes

A

digest pathogens

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15
Q

define prokaryotic cell

A

a type of cell that contains NO NUCLEUS !!! or any MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES !!!

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16
Q

how is genetic info stored in prokaryotes

A

DNA loop

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17
Q

which organelles are found in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

A

. cell membrane
. cytoplasm
. ribosomes

18
Q

where are epithelial tissues found + what is their function

A

found at boundaries
act as lining

19
Q

what are the three types of epithelial tissue

A

columnar, cuboidal and squamous

20
Q

where are columnar epithelial tissue found

A

small intestine

21
Q

where are cuboidal epithelial tissue found

A

in the kidney

22
Q

where are squamous epithelial tissue found

A

in blood vessels

23
Q

what is the difference between simple and compound epithelial tissues

A

simple = only one layer
compound = more than one layer

24
Q

where are connective tissues found

A

in blood and bone

25
Q

why do muscle tissue have lots of mitochondria

A

for ATP synthesis for contraction of muscle

26
Q

what are the three types of muscle tissue

A

smooth
skeletal
cardiac

27
Q

describe smooth muscle

A

involuntary movement
found lining digestive tract

28
Q

describe skeletal muscle

A

used for voluntary movement

29
Q

describe cardiac muscle

A

found in heart

30
Q

what do plant cells have that animals cells do not

A

permanent vacuole
chloroplast
cell wall

31
Q

what do animal cells have that plant cells do not contail

A

centrioles

32
Q

what are some similarities between plant and animal cells

A

both have 80s ribosomes
both contain basic eukaryotic organelles (ex mitochondria)

33
Q

what is the definition for levels of organisation

A

a group of similar blank working together to preform the same function

34
Q

what is the order of levels of organisaiton

A

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

35
Q

how to calculate magnification

A

measure in mm
check for desired unit
convert if necessary
use A= I/M triangle

36
Q

why is staining used when doing microscopy

A

for allowing a greater amount of detail to be observed

37
Q

how do prokaryotic cells divide

A

binary fission

38
Q

how do eukaryotic cells divide

A

mitosis

39
Q

what are some similarities between prokarytic and eukaryotic cells

A

both store genetic information within the nucleus
both respire

40
Q

where do eukaryotic cells respire

A

within the mitochondria

41
Q

where do prokaryotic cells respire

A

in the cytoplasm

42
Q

what is the cell theory

A

the cell is the smallest unit found in all living things
all living things are made up of at least one cell
cells originate from other cells

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