Implications of Digital Technologies Flashcards
The Personal Data Protection Act ensures that organizations must:
- have the consent of the individual to collect, use or disclose personal data
- collect, use or disclose personal data in an appropriate manner and must inform the individual of their purposes
- collect, use or disclose personal data for appropriate purposes to a reasonable person
Under the Data Protection Act, there are principles to be followed that make sure that information is:
- used fairly and lawfully
- used for limited, specific purposes
- used in an adequate and relevant manner
- accurate
- not kept longer than necessary
- handled according to people’s data protection rights
- kept safe and secure
- not transferred across the EEA without adequate protection
Under the Data Protection Act, individuals whose data is stored have the right to:
- access a copy of their personal data
- object to data processing likely to cause damage
- prevent processing for direct marketing
- object to decisions made by automated means
- have inaccurate personal data corrected, blocked, or erased
- claim compensation for damages caused by breaching of the Act
What is copyright?
It is a legal power that provides the creator of original work with the sole authority to use and distribute
Why have international copyright agreements become more important?
As businesses have expanded and become international
How can copyright owners distribute their work?
Under licenses that users must pay for (eg. an app)
Under free licenses such as open-source or Creative Commons licenses, which allow the owner to distribute their work without payment and say how it should be used, shared, and altered.
Examples of fair use:
- Copies made by libraries, museums, archives, or educational establishments
- Recordings of broadcasts for archive purposes
- Uses for benefit of people with a disability
- When used in parody
- For non-commercial research or private study
How can the owners of digital works protect their work?
By using copy protection and digital rights management (DRM). These systems are designed to check that the device on which the work is opened is allowed to open it
Advantages of free software licenses:
Cheaper for people: narrow the digital divide
Improved people’s access: narrow the info. gap
Ways in which people’s movements can be monitored:
- CCTV
- ANPR
- monitoring the use of identification cards, travel cards, passports, and bank card transactions
- identifying devices on networks by their IP or MAC
- using GPS data shared by apps for mobile devices
- GPS trackers
Drawbacks of monitoring individuals:
- Compromises privacy
- Makes people that they aren’t trusted
- Cost of setting up, monitoring, and maintaining devices
- Energy consumption of systems and the effect on the environment
What is AI?
Name 2 disadvantages.
AI is the ability of a computer program to make decisions that would otherwise be made by humans
DISADVANTAGES:
- They don’t have human judgment and therefore can’t be held ethically or morally responsible
- People’s reaction times can get slower if they leave it up to AI
Three causes of sustainability issues:
Power requirements of digital devices ( using renewable energy, more energy-efficient devices, and making use of hydro-electric power)
Power requirements of cooling systems in data centers (use a lot of power and power is produced using non-renewable energy, which reduces the planet’s natural reources — building data centers in cold climates to reduce the need to cool the rooms using aircons which use a lot of energy)
Use of poisonous substances in digital8 devices (chemicals leak out — education, recycling schemes, using harmless alternatives)
Risks to health due to the use of digital devices:
Eye dryness and eye fatigue Repetitive Strain Injury Back and neck ache Trip hazards Electric shock Fire Injury or death
Correct posture when sitting at a computer:
Feet flat on the floor Thighs parallel to the floor Keyboard at elbow height 10 - 20⁰ monitor angle Straight back Around 30cm viewing distance from the monitor Avoid tight elbow angle Avoid wrist bent upwards Avoid pressure on elbow/wrist
