Impetigo and cellulitis Flashcards
_____________ associated with skin and soft tissue infections, this organism is responsible for a number of infections both within the epidermis and dermis. Staphylococcus aureus is associated with two types of impetigo (bullous and non-bullous).
Staphylococcus aureus - associated with skin and soft tissue infections, this organism is responsible for a number of infections both within the epidermis and dermis. Staphylococcus aureus is associated with two types of impetigo (bullous and non-bullous).
______________- associated with hospital acquired impetigo, Meticillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus can also cause a range of skin and soft tissue infections, particularly those within the hospital environment. MRSA tends to be mostly associated with non-bullous impetigo (we will discuss the differences in the next few pages).
MRSA - associated with hospital acquired impetigo, Meticillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus can also cause a range of skin and soft tissue infections, particularly those within the hospital environment. MRSA tends to be mostly associated with non-bullous impetigo (we will discuss the differences in the next few pages).
_____________associated with a range of skin and soft tissue infections, however tends to be mostly associated with non-bullous impetigo.
Streptococcus pyogenes - associated with a range of skin and soft tissue infections, however tends to be mostly associated with non-bullous impetigo.
Impetigo is very contagious, so contact with anyone with this type of infection could result in the spread of the infection to an uninfected individual. Infectious spread has been associated with:
Touching the skin
Sharing toys
Sharing bedding or towels
Using infected cosmetics
So good advise to a patient with impetigo is to ensure they do not ________. If the infection is in an area where makeup could be worn, discard any make up and avoid using until the infection has been treated and if the patient is a young child, do not allow the ____________. When a patient is applying any topical treatment, hands should be washed straight after the treatment has been applied to avoid spreading the infection to other areas of the body.
So good advise to a patient with impetigo is to ensure they do not share towels. If the infection is in an area where makeup could be worn, discard any make up and avoid using until the infection has been treated and if the patient is a young child, do not allow the sharing of toys. When a patient is applying any topical treatment, hands should be washed straight after the treatment has been applied to avoid spreading the infection to other areas of the body.
There are a number of risk factors associated with impetigo, these include:
Age - most infections of impetigo occur in children aged between ________ of age.
Large number of individuals within one area, for example, _________ and _________. This increases the risk of contact and of course the risk of infection. Linking this to patients _____, ______ children are less likely to be careful and have no concept of personal space, hence why this age group is most at risk of impetigo.
Broken skin - if the skin is broken due to an injury, this will the bacterial to enter the __________ more easily and cause an infection.
Skin contact - this is particularly problematic in the warmer weather, as we tend to ____________-, which in turn increases the risk of skin contact.
Age - most infections of impetigo occur in children aged between 2-5 years of age.
Large number of individuals within one area, for example, nurseries and schools. This increases the risk of contact and of course the risk of infection. Linking this to patients age, young children are less likely to be careful and have no concept of personal space, hence why this age group is most at risk of impetigo.
Broken skin - if the skin is broken due to an injury, this will the bacterial to enter the superficial layers of the skin more easily and cause an infection.
Skin contact - this is particularly problematic in the warmer weather, as we tend to wear less clothing, which in turn increases the risk of skin contact.
_________ is a rarer form of impetigo, accounting for 30% of cases, is mostly associated with new born babies and immunocompromised adults.
Bullous Impetigo
________ is a more common form of impetigo is also referred to as impetigo contagiosa. Associated with 70% of cases, the non-bullous form of impetigo is much more contagious compared to the bullous form.
Non-bullous Impetigo
__________ can be considered for localised infections, however if the patient presents with an extensive infections then ____________ may be used.
Topical treatments can be considered for localised infections, however if the patient presents with an extensive infections then oral antibiotics may be used.
best formulation for impetigo?
topically
best treatment for impetigo?
fusidic acid
When discussing supportive advise the following should be considered:?
Crusted areas should be removed, so the patient (or the parent) should be advised to soak the crusted areas in soapy water so this is not uncomfortable.
If the patient is a child, advise the parent that they should not attend school while the sores are still moist, as they will be very contagious.
When applying treatment or just touching the infected area, hands should be washed thoroughly, to avoid the spread of the infection.
If the child is attending school (so the infected areas are no longer moist) contact sports or sports involving equipment should be avoided, to reduce the chances of infecting others.
When drying the infected area patients (or their parent or carer) are advised to use paper towels that can be discarded immediately. If linen towels are the only option these should be washed after contact with the infected lesions.
Pillow cases and bedding if necessary should be changed and washed (above 60 degrees) daily.
All toys that have come into contact with the infected area should also be washed.
Fomites (areas/items that maybe touched by the patient that can act as a form of transmission) should be regularly wiped to reduce the spread of infection.
The patient should be advised to contact their GP if the impetigo continues to spread and/or if the patient is suffering from pyrexia.
