Impact of WW1 on Britain Flashcards
The British army had approx ___ men at its disposal
Secretary of State for War, ___ recognised army was too small compared to France and Germany and wanted to build an army of __ divisions
1914, Lord Kitchener, 710,000, 70 divisions
Years of the volunteer army created by Lord Kitchener
____ British gov called for extra ___ volunteer soldiers to come forward
They got ___ men by the end of ___ and by ____ there was more than ____ that had joined voluntarily
By mid __ volunteer members were falling fast and ___ Act created a list of all men fit for military service still available
1914-15
August 1914, 10000
750000, september, jan 1915, 1 million
1915, National Registration
Conscription introduced ___ targeting single men aged ____. By __ conscription also called out for married men
Conscientious Objectors + ppl with other issues could appeal to local ___
1916-18
Jan 1916, 18-41, June
Military service Tribunal
___ men appealed against their conscription in the 1st _months of registration
approx ___ men were conscientious objectors - Quakers
___ objectors given ‘work of national importance’ including farming
___ given non-combatant duties
___ forced into army and when refused orders, sent to prison
___ objectors taken to France and formally sentenced to death but immediately reprised to __ years in prison- __ died in prison and ___ died elsewhere as a result of treatment
750,000 6 16000 4500 7000 6000 35, 10, 70
Many objectors accepted non-combatant service e.g ___, conscientious objectors deemed not to have any useful contribution so were disfranchised for _ years after war but there was no administrative machinery to enforce such disfranchisement
Stretcher bearers, 5
In ___, ____ women registered for work
1915, 100,000
___ men killed in war and ___s more injured
880000, 100s
D.O.R.A
Defence of the realm act gave gov power to control any buildings/land and could take over any industries taking part in war effort. 1914
Allowed gov to control what public knew about war through censorship
Gov could create farmland
in ___ created Womens Land Army
February 1917
Rent Restriction act
Landlords put up rent so they could make money from newly recruited munitions workers- 1913
Mothers day introduced
1916
War declared on germany and gov launched massive recruitment campaign
2nd august 1914
DORA introduced
8th august 1914
From __ to ___ women’s organisations set up including ___ and ___
1914, August, September, Women’s Hospital Corps, Women’s police volunteers
The bombing of British Civilians. German Warships shelled east coast of Britain. In Scarborough, ___ were killed
1914, 16th December 119
First air raids by German Zeppelin airships dropping bombs on East Anglian towns
1915, 19th January
Coalition gov with politicians from all parties formed to handle the growing crisis in Britain
May, 1915
First Zepplin air raids on London.
31st May, 1915
The Munitions Crisis- British troops facing severe shortage of shells and bullets. Gov set up ____ under DLG to reorganise britain’s munitions supply. DLG and Pankhurst organised a ‘womens march for jobs’ to recruit women to work in factories
July 1915, Ministry of Munitions
Many employers refused to take on women and trade unions refused to allow women workers, gov had to come to agreement w trade unions that women would be paid same as men, and should only work ‘until sufficient male labour is available’
gov also set up its own munitions factories, employing largely women
Autumn 1915
First military service bill introduced conscription of all single men aged 18-41
25th Jan 1916
2nd military service bill extended conscription to married men
june 1916
Battle of the Somme began, more british soldiers were killed in this battle than in any previous battle
1st July 1916
Gov showed feature film ‘the battle of the Somme’ which the ‘Evening News’ called the ‘greatest moving picture in the world’
august 1916
Battle of the Somme called off- w very little to gain to show for the ___ British casualties
18th November 1916,500000
1st time there was public critisicms of the way the war was being run by the generals
November 1916
DLG (critic of army leadership) became PM in place of Asquith. He immediately reorganised gov to focus all effort on the war and set up the ___ to deak with the labour supply in british industry. Set up the __ to deal with the food supply
7th December 1916
Ministry of Labour
Ministry of Food
Germany began 3rd and most devastating campaign of unrestricted submarine warfare against British Merchant ships. ____ formed to recruit women as farm labourers
February 1917, The Women’s Land Army
German U-Boats sank ___ British Merchant ships in the Atlantic so food supply running very low. Under DORA gov took over ___acres of new farming land to help feed britain
April 1917
1 in 4
2.5million
A voluntary rationing scheme introduced but was a failure- food prices continued to rise. Food queues got longer
November 1917
Parliament agreed to give all women over __ who were householders the right to vote in general elections
1917, December, 30
Compulsory rationing scheme introduced in London and Southern Britain with stiff penalties for offenders
25th Feb 1918
Rationing of meat butter and cheese extended to entire country
April 1918
At __th hour of __th day of the __th month of __ the Armistice was signed - THE WAR WAS OFFICIALLY OVER
11, 1918
General election held in Britain Women over 30 voted for the first time
14th December 1918
