Impact Of Paid Work topic 1

Question 1

What are sociologists interested in

Answer 1

Whether both partners working has led to a more equal division of Labour- they want to test Wilmott’s and Young’s idea

Question 2

Give 2 names of Functionalist sociologists

Answer 2

Wilmott and Young

Question 3

What have Wilmott and young said on paid work

Answer 3

That women working has led to a more equal division of labour and conjugal roles are becoming more symmetrical

Question 4

What has Functionalist Gershuny (1994) found out about wives (3)

Answer 4

• wives who weren’t working did 83% of the housework
• wives who worked part-time did 82% of the housework
• wives who worked full-time did 73% of the housework

Question 5

What did Gershuny find out about husbands the longer a women has been in paid employment

Answer 5

The longer a women has been in paid employment the more housework the husband did
(however males still tend to take responsibility for different tasks)
and couples whose parents had a more equal relationship were likely to share the housework more equally

Question 6

What did Gershuny find out about couples who had a more equal relationship

Answer 6

That the housework was shared more equally

Question 7

what did Sullivan (2000) find out

Answer 7

that there was a trend towards greater equality where men were increasingly participating in ‘women’s’ tasks and women had a smaller share of the domestic work

Question 8

what did Man-Yee Kan find out (2001)

Answer 8

that income, age and education affected how much HW women did

-better paid, younger and better educated women did less HW

Question 9

do Gershuny’s finding support the idea of a more equal relationship

Answer 9

yet- however women who worked full-time did 73% of the HW which is a lot of the work

Question 10

what do feminists argue against the functionalist view

Answer 10

-that the impact of women’s paid work on conjugal roles has been minimal

Question 11

what do feminists believe that women now do

Answer 11

carry a ‘dual-burden’ of paid work and domestic work

Question 12

what does Crompton say (1997-feminism)

Answer 12

• she believes that as women’s earning power increases relative to men’s, so men do more in the home.
• however, she recognises that men earn more than women, she concludes that as long as earnings remain unequal, so will the division of labour

Question 13

what do Silver and Schor argue (2)

Answer 13

1) housework has been commercialised- HW now involves goods and services such as hovers, or cleaners that do you HW
2) women working means that the burden of housework on women has decreased

Question 14

what does Schor say about housewife roles

Answer 14

that they have died due to women working

Question 15

what do critics say about Schor’s idea about the ‘death of the housewife role’

Answer 15

that this idea is only applicable to middle class women as they can afford goods and services that would do their HW- this has led to the disappearancece of HW for middle class people

Question 16

what do critics say about commercialisation

Answer 16

that HW is not shared, but there is less tasks to do

Question 17

what do feminists argue about men

Answer 17

• That there is little evidence of a ‘new man’ who shares the domestic work.
• Rather they argue that many women have acquired a ‘dual-burden’ of paid and domestic work

Question 18

what do feminists say about the family on the top of paid work

Answer 18

that the family remains patriarchal as men benefit from women’s earnings and their domestic labour

Question 19

what statistic did Ferri and Smith find out

Answer 19

that the father took the main responsibility for childcare in fewer than 4% of families and that women working outside out of the house has had little impact on the division of domestic labour

Question 20

what did Morris find out

Answer 20

that men who lost their ‘masculine’ role as a result of unemployment, saw domestic work as ‘women’s work’ and to be avoided

Question 21

what did Ramos find out

Answer 21

that where men are not in paid work and their partner worked full-time, their domestic labour matches their partner- 19 hours a week

Question 22

what did the British Social Attitudes find out about the division of labour between men and women (2)

Answer 22

• men did twice as much as men e.g men spent 8 hours on HW, women spent 13 hours
• and that couples continue to divide household tasks along traditional gender lines

Question 23

what did Braun, Vincent and Ball find out

Answer 23

that 3 out of 70 families studied, the father was the main carer

Question 24

according to Braun, Vincent and Ball what are background fathers

Answer 24

fathers who helped with childcare only for the relationship with their partner and not really about the children

Question 25

according to Braun, Vincent and Ball, what ideology did most fathers hold

Answer 25

a ‘provider ideology’ that their role was to be a breadwinner and women’s role was to be a carer

Question 26

what did Aber and Ginn find out

Answer 26

that middle class women had access to full-day childcare as they could afford this, but many working class women couldn’t

Question 27

as a result of not being able to afford childcare, what did Aber and Ginn find out about working class women

Answer 27

that they were trapped in a vicious circle of childcare responsibilities and low paid part-time employment

Question 28

what did Gregson and Lowe find out about middle and working class women

Answer 28

that middle class women gave domestic work jobs to working class women to act as nannies and cleaners - however, most working class women cannot afford people to do their HW so they carry a dual-burden

Question 29

what shift do women carry believed by Duncombe and Marsden

Answer 29

a triple shift

Question 30

what is a triple shift- said by Duncombe and Marsden

Answer 30

that women do housework, paid work and emotional work.

Question 31

what is emotion work

Answer 31

a ‘labour of love’- and is seen as caring for family members and involves handling and monitoring the worries and frustrations of others

Question 32

what other task to women carry according to Southerton

Answer 32

women have to coordinate, schedule, and manage the family’s quality time together