Immunotherapy Flashcards
1
Q
What is a monoclonal antibody? (2)
A
- Are proteins made in laboratories that act like antibodies
- They are clones of just one antibody, and they bind to one antigen only.
2
Q
What are the types of mAbs? (4)
A
- Murine
- Chimeric
- Humanised
- Human
3
Q
What are murine mAbs and what does their name end in? (2)
A
- Made from mouse proteins.
- Their name ends in -momab
4
Q
What are chimeric mAbs and what does their name end in? (2)
A
- Combination of part mouse and part human proteins.
- Their name ends in -ximab.
5
Q
What are humanised mAbs and what does their name end in? (2)
A
- Made from small parts of mouse proteins attached to human proteins.
- Their name ends in -zumab.
6
Q
What are human mAbs and what does their name end in? (2)
A
- Fully human proteins.
- Their name ends in -umab
7
Q
How are mAbs developed? (7)
A
- Animal immunised with target antigens
- Test for antibodies
- Spleen removed
- B-cells from spleen fused with immortal myeloma cells to form hybridomas
- B-cells mortal, but HAT resistant - myeloma cells immortal, but HAT sensitive
- Screen for required antibody and clone positives
- Each clone produces monoclonal antibody to a single epitope
