Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CP2 = Core Immunology > Immunotherapeutics - Immunomodulation > Flashcards

Immunotherapeutics - Immunomodulation Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Immunomodulation

A

Manipulate immune system using immunomodulatory drugs –> immune response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 3 things can immunomodulation potentially lead to?

A

> Immunopotentiation (inc rate/prolong duration)
Immunosuppression
Induct immunological tolerance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are immunomodulators?

A

Medicinal products using molecular biology techniques (inc recombinant DNA tech).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the main classes of immunomodulators?

A

> Substances similar to body’s key signalling proteins
Monoclonal antibodies
Fusion proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Transfer of high-titre antibody from donor to recipient . Short lasting immunity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Problems of passive immunity?

A

> Transfer blood-bourne viruses

>Serum sickness- Anti’b overload can = inflam and cytokine release.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the different types of Ig?

A

> Pooled human immunoglobulin

> Animal sera –> makes antib’s.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is animal sera given?

A

IV or IM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is active immunisation?

A

Stimulate development of protective immune response and immunological memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is G-CSF/GM-CSF?

A

Acts on bone marrow –> stimulate neutrophil production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does IL-2 do?

A

Activates T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a-interferon used for?

A

Treat Hep C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is B-interferon used for?

A

MS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is y-interferon used for?

A

Chronic granulomatous disease, IL-12 deF.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do Corticosteroids do in general?

A

Immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do Corticosteroids do specifically?

A

> Decreased neutrophil margination
Decreased cytokine production
Decreased T cell proliferation (toxic at high levels)
Decreased levels of lymphocytes
Inhibit phospholipase A2 (reduced arachidonic acid metabolite production).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the side effects of Corticosteroids?

A 
> Reduced lipid/carbohydrate metabolism - slow down (Diabetes, Hyperlipidaemia)
> Reduced protein synthesis 
> Osteoporosis 
> Glacucoma and eye problems 
> ~Anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Corticosteroid uses?

A

> Allograft rejection
Malignancies - lymphoma
Inflam diseases
Autoimmune diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the four types of drugs targeting lymphocytes?

A

> M-TORS
IL-2 receptor monoclonal antibodies
Calcaneurin Inhibitors
Anti-metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Calcaneurin?

A

A serine/threonine phosphatase protein that activates T cell production.`

21
Q

What does CyA bind to?

A

CyA –> Cyclophillin (“CyA later PHIL mitchell”

22
Q

What does Tacrolimus (FK506) bind to?

A

FKBP-12 (FK to FK)

23
Q

What is the mode of action of Calcaneurin inhibitors?

A

Bind to NFAT- cytokine stimulation factors

24
Q

What are the T cell effects of Calcaneurin?

A

Reversibly inhibit T-cell activation, proliferation and clonal expansion.

25
Q

What type of lymphocyte drug is Sirolimus?

A

M-TOR inhibitor

26
Q

What does Sirolimus bind to?

A

FKBP12 - Inhibit Rapamycin transcription factor

27
Q

What are the T cell effects of Sirolimus?

A

Stops cell cycle at G1/S phase

28
Q

What are Calcaneurin/MTOR side effects?

A 
>Hypertension
>Hirsutism
>Nephro/neuro/hepatotoxicity
>Opportunistic infections
> Lymphomas
29
Q

What do Antimetabolites inhibit?

A

PURINE SYNTHESIS (Adenosine and Guanine)

30
Q

What is converted into 6-mercaptopurine by AZA?

A

Guanine

31
Q

What does MMF inhibit?

A

IMPDH - stops GTP production

32
Q

What does Methotrexate (MTX) inhibit?

A

Folate

33
Q

What does cyclophosphamide stop?

A

DNA cross-linking

34
Q

Cytoxic side effects?

A

> Bone marrow suppression
Gastric upset
Hepatitis
Infection susceptibility

35
Q

Cyclophosphamide side effects?

A

Cystitis - bladder inflammation

36
Q

Methotrexate side effects?

A

Pneumonitis - inflammed alveoli walls

37
Q

What are the clinical uses of AZA/MMT?

A

> Allograft rejection

> Autoimmune diseases

38
Q

What are the clinical uses of MTX?

A

> Rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, polymyolitis

> GvHD in bone marrow transplant.

39
Q

What are the clinical uses of Cyclophosphamide?

A

Systemic Lupus Erythmatois, Vasculitis

40
Q

What type of drug is Anti-TNF?

A

Anti-cytokine

41
Q

What is Anti-TNF used for?

A

Crohn’s, Psoriasis, Ankylosing Spondylitis

42
Q

What is Anti-IL6 used for?

A

Rheumatoid Disease,

43
Q

What is Anti-IL1 used for?

A

AOSD and autoinflammatory syndromes.

44
Q

What is Rituximab?

A

Chimeric mAb against CD20- B cell surface.

45
Q

What type of B cells are cd20 only found on?

A

Blood B cells

46
Q

What does Rituximab do?

A

Removes pool of autoreactive antibodies from blood.

47
Q

What switches immune response from Th2 (allergic) to Th1 (non-allergic)?

A

Allergen specific immunotherapy

48
Q

What route is used for allergen specific immunotherapy against aero-allergens?

A

Sub-lingual

CP2 = Core Immunology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions