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CP2 = Core Immunology > Autoimmune Diseases > Flashcards

Autoimmune Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Is autoimmunity genetically determined?

A

Yes

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2
Q

What causes autoimmune diseases?

A

Breakdown of self-tolerance

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3
Q

Where is T cell auto-immunity removed?

A

Thymus

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4
Q

What may dispose a T cell to autoimmunity?

A

Class 2 MHC genes

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5
Q

What are other causative associations?

A

> Sex (Women > Men)
Older age
Sequestered (hidden) antigens - eye, testis
Environmental triggers- smoke, infection, trauma.

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6
Q

What two responses can infections have?

A

Autoimmunity and normal immune response.

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7
Q

What is molecular mimicry?

A

When similar sequences between foreign and self-peptides are enough to activate auto-reactive B/T cells

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8
Q

An example of molecular mimicry includes?

A

RHEUMATIC FEVER

- Antib’s against streptococcus damage heart glycoproteins.

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9
Q

What can changes in the nature/number of autoantigens cause?

A

Autoimmunity

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10
Q

What makes proteins more immunogenic?

A

Citrullination

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11
Q

What binds to HLA-DQ to cause Coeliac Disease?

A

Tissue transglutamase altered gluten

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12
Q

What does failure to clear apoptotic debris do and cause ?

A

Increase availability of antigens inside the cell. Causes Systemic Lupus Erythematous.

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13
Q

How do T cells cause inflammation?

A

Cytokines.

Helping B cells make autoantibodies.

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14
Q

What do autoreactive B cells and their antibodies activate?

A

Activate complement cascade

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15
Q

What do autoreactive T cells do?

A

Release cytokines

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16
Q

What do autoreactive B and T cells have in common?

A

> Directly cytotoxic
General inflammation
End-stage organ damage

17
Q

What is Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis?

A

Destruction of thyroid follicles

18
Q

Where are the autoantibodies of Hasimoto’s Thyroiditis directed to?

A

> Thyroglobulin

> Thyroid Peroxidase

19
Q

What can Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis lead to?

A

Hypothyroidism

20
Q

What is Grave’s disease?

A

Stimulation of thyroid gland by TSH- autoantibody

21
Q

What can Graves disease lead to?

A

Hyperthyroidism

22
Q

What type of antibodies does Systemic Lupus Erythmatous make?

A

Anti-nuclear antibodies

23
Q

What differentiates autoinflammation between autoimmune diseases?

A

> Attacks are spontaneous
No infection source
No high-titre autoantibodies/antigen specific autoreactive T cells
No auto-antigen exposure

CP2 = Core Immunology (7 decks)

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