Allergy

Question 1

Define: Allergy

Answer 1

Damaging ~fatal reaction made by normal immune system against non-harmful antigens in a pre-sensitised host.

Question 2

What is a cytotoxic allergic response?

Answer 2

IgG/IgM antibody against combined self + foreign antigen at the cell surface.

Question 3

What is the onset of a cytotoxic allergic response?

Answer 3

Mins to hours

Question 4

What does a cytotoxic allergic response cause?

Answer 4

Cell lysis and necrosis

Question 5

What is a common antigen in a cytotoxic allergic reaction?

Answer 5

Penicillin

Question 6

What type of allergic reaction are Erythroblastosis Fetalis and Goodpasture’s nephritis assc with?

Answer 6

Type 2: Cytotoxic

Question 7

What is an immune allergic response?

Answer 7

Antibody response against soluble antigen

Question 8

How long does an immune allergic response last for?

Answer 8

3-8 hours

Question 9

What disease is associated with immune allergic responses?

Answer 9

Systemic Lupus Erythmatous

Question 10

What is a delayed allergic response?

Answer 10

T cell mediated, antigen specific cytotoxicity.

Question 11

What is different about Delayed response to immune and allergic?

Answer 11

Delayed doesn’t use antibodies.

Question 12

What is the onset of delayed allergic response? (Hint: Look at it’s name)

Answer 12

DELAYED ~48/72 hrs

Question 13

What are the common antigens for delayed allergic response?

Answer 13

> Metal- nickel

> Tuberculin

Question 14

What disease is assc with delayed allergic response?

Answer 14

Contact dermititis

Question 15

What activates B cells in Type 1 allergic response?

Answer 15

Th2 cells

Question 16

What antibody do B cells make in a Type 1 allergic response?

Answer 16

IgE

Question 17

What are the immune responses to parasitic disease? (HARD)

Answer 17

> Incr IgE - pathogen specific
Tissue inflammation - Eosinophilia, mastocytosis and basophil infiltration.
CD4+ T cells secreting IL4, 5, 13.

Question 18

What is the Hygiene hypothesis?

Answer 18

Give pro-biotics to pregnant women, microbe = protective effect. Lower atopic condition probability.

Question 19

What is an atopic condition?

Answer 19

A hypersensitive allergic response that occurs in area not touched by allergen.

Question 20

What mechanisms does the Hygiene hypothesis use?

Answer 20

> Th1/Th2 deviation

> Antigenic competition

Question 21

What does Th1 stimulate?

Answer 21

Infection management

Question 22

What does Th2 stimulate?

Answer 22

Allergy

Question 23

Is allergy a polygenic or monogenic disease?

Answer 23

Polygenic

Question 24

What are allergens?

Answer 24

Antigens that initiate an IgE-mediated response.

Question 25

How is IgE made?

Answer 25

Th2 make IL4 --> stimulate B cell --> Make IgE.

Question 26

What is a sensitised mast cell?

Answer 26

Mast cell with IgE antibody.

Question 27

What happens in an IgE mediated allergic response?

Answer 27

Basophil degranulation --> inflammatory mediator release

Question 28

What is the onset of IgE mediated allergic response?

Answer 28

15-30 mins - fast

Question 29

What does the late phase response of IgE allergic response release?

Answer 29

Arachidonic acid --> Leukotrienes and Prostaglandins.

Question 30

What are the roles of the Th2 cell?

Answer 30

> Multiple cytokine release > Part of innate inflammatory response > Drives Ig production

Question 31

What three diseases form the Atopic triad?

Answer 31

> Asthma > Rhinitis > Eczema

Question 32

What symptoms does Rhinitis give?

Answer 32

> Blocked nose | > Runny nose - assc w/ eye symptoms

Question 33

What is the treatment of Rhinitis? (Hint: hayfever)

Answer 33

Anti-histamines and nasal steroids

Question 34

What are the symptoms of Asthma?

Answer 34

> Airway constriction > Airway inflammation > Hypersensitivity

Question 35

What does the late phase response of asthma do to the airways?

Answer 35

Damage, makes them hypersensitive to non-allergens (e.g fumes)

Question 36

What are the three things used to treat allergic responses?

Answer 36

> Anti-histamines > Steroids > Adrenaline (life saving)

Question 37

What is the specific therapy for allergic responses?

Answer 37

Immunotherapy (sub cut. or sub ling.)

Question 38

What GI symptoms can a food allergy cause?

Answer 38

> Vomiting | > Diarrhoea

Question 39

What respiratory symptoms can a food allergy cause?

Answer 39

> Bronchospasm | > Rhinitis

Question 40

What cutaneous symptoms can a food allergy cause?

Answer 40

> Urticaria (hives) | > Angioedema

Question 41

What is the most serious symptoms of a food allergy?

Answer 41

Anaphylaxis