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VMCB121 (3rd LE) > Immunoprophylaxis > Flashcards

Immunoprophylaxis Flashcards

Under Principles of Microbial Control

1
Q

These are used to elicit an immune response to prevent or minimize disease produced by infectious agents.

A

Vaccines

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2
Q

Vaccines may be composed of

A
  • the infectious agent (live or killed),
  • a portion of the agent that is “immunogenic”
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3
Q

The immunogenic portion of the agent in the vaccine could be:

A
  • Toxoid (inactivated toxin), bacterins (killed bacteria)
  • DNA/RNA
  • subunit vaccine
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4
Q

The ability of an organism to resist infection or toxin by the action of a specific and targeted response.

A

Immunity

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5
Q

An example of immunity is when ______ is produced by B cells.

A

antibodies

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6
Q

An example of Immunity is when leukocytes particularly produce:

A

CD4+ Th

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7
Q

Immunity is developed through:

A
  1. Natural infection
  2. Vaccination
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8
Q

A successful ____ triggers the adaptive immunity to create a memory response.

A

Vaccination

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9
Q

In vaccination, _______ can react quickly the next time the antigen is encountered.

A

Memory cells

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10
Q

It’s the ability of a substance to induce a cellular (T lymphocyte) and humoral (antibodies produced by B lymphocytes) immune response.

A

Immunogenicity

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11
Q

Immunogenicity is the ability of a substance to induce a _____ and ____ immune response.

A
  • cellular (T lymphocyte)
  • humoral (antibodies produced by B lymphocytes)
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12
Q

The ability to be specifically recognized by antibodies generated as a result of the immune response to the given substance.

A

Antigenicity

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13
Q

It’s a tiny weakened and non-dangerous fragment of the organism and includes parts of the antigen.

A

Vaccine

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14
Q

It’s what we need for our body to learn to build the specific antibody.

A

Vaccine

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15
Q

It help for when the body encounters the real antigen later, as part of the real organism, it already knows how to defeat it.

A

Vaccine

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16
Q

The first vaccine was developed by

A

Dr. Edward Jenner

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17
Q

When was the first vaccine developed by Dr. Edward Jenner?

A

1796

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18
Q

Dr Edward Jenner observed that milkmaids who were exposed to ____ were immune to _____.

A
  • cowpox
  • smallpox
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19
Q

Who did Dr. Edward Jenner exposed to cowpox and 2 months later also exposed to smallpox (which he survived)

A

8 year-old James Phipps

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20
Q

It is very similar to variola virus (smallpox) thus providing cross-immunity.

A

Vaccinia virus (cow pox)

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21
Q

Vaccinia virus (cow pox) is very similar to ______ thus providing cross-immunity.

A

Variola virus (smallpox)

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22
Q

The term vaccine originated from the word ____, meaning cow

A

vacca

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23
Q

Vacca, where the “vaccine” word originated, means ____

A

cow

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24
Q

It refers to inactivated toxin

A

Toxoid

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25
Q

It refers to killed bacteria.

A

Bacterins

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26
Q

What does the vaccination create when triggering the adaptive immunity?

A

A memory response

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27
Q

How long did Dr. Edward Jenner take to decide to expose 8 year old James Phipps to smallpox, after exposing to cowpox?

A

2 months later

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28
Q

What does Vaccinia virus (cowpox) provide along with its similar virus- variola virus (smallpox)?

A

Cross-immunity

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29
Q

Example of Antibodies

A
  • IgG
  • IgM
  • IgA
  • some IgE
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30
Q

It refers to the combined strength of all binding sites of antibody.

A

Avidity

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31
Q

It refers to the longevity of antibodies.

A

Persistence

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32
Q

In the time course of antibody production, in the primary response, what appears first? and what is it’s being followed by?

A

IgM appears first, followed by IgG

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33
Q

In the time course of antibody production, in the second response, which is more and less?

A

less IgM and more IgG

34
Q

In the time course of antibody production, what response occur sooner after antigen introduction?

A

Secondary response

35
Q

In the time course of antibody production, what is the response that is greater in magnitude?

A

Secondary response

36
Q

In the time course of antibody production, which response lasts longer?

A

Secondary response

37
Q

Examples of Effector cells

A
  • CD4+ Helper T cells
  • CD8+ T cells
38
Q

The effector cells for the proliferation of B cells

A

CD4+ Helper T cells

39
Q

It processes/ produces Effector cells and memory T cells

A

CD8+ T cells

40
Q

It is taken up by dendritic cells then trafficked to the draining lymph node

A

Vaccine / Vaccine antigens

41
Q

What takes the vaccine?

A

Dendritic cells

42
Q

Where is vaccine trafficked to?

A

Draining lymph node

43
Q

How do dendritic cell activate T cells?

A

through their T cell receptor (TCR)

44
Q

What do Dendritic cells activate?

A

T cells

45
Q

In combination with signaling (by soluble antigen) through the ______, the T cells drive B cell development in the lymph node.

A

B cell receptor (BCR)

46
Q

In combination with signaling (by soluble antigen) through the B cell receptor (BCR), the T cells drive B cell development where?

A

lymph node

47
Q

In combination with signaling (by _____) through the B cell receptor (BCR), the T cells drive B cell development where?

A

soluble antigen

48
Q

In combination with signaling (by soluble antigen) through the B cell receptor (BCR), the _____ drive B cell development in the lymph node.

A

T cells

49
Q

They increase antibodies in the serum over 2 weeks.

A

Short-lived plasma cells

50
Q

Short-lived plasma cells increase antibodies in the serum for how long?

A

over 2 weeks

51
Q

It develops in the bone marrow for long-term protection.

A

Memory B cells

52
Q

They can proliferate rapidly when they encounter a pathogen and ____ are important for the elimination of infected cells.

A
  • CD8+ memory T cells
  • CD8+ effector T cells
53
Q

They are important for the elimination of infected cells.

A

CD8+ effector T cells

54
Q

Types of Vaccines

A
  1. Live attenuated (weakened or inactivated)
  2. Killed whole organism
  3. Toxoid
  4. Subunit
  5. Virus-like particle
  6. Outer membrane vesicle
  7. Protein-polysaccharide conjugate
  8. Viral vectored
  9. Nucleic acid vaccine
  10. Bacterial vectored
  11. Antigen-presenting cell
55
Q

Licensed vaccines using Live attenuated (weakened or inactivated) vaccines.

A
  1. Measles
  2. Mumps
  3. Rubella
  4. Yellow fever
  5. Influenza
  6. Oral polio
  7. Typhoid
  8. Japanese encephalitis
  9. Rotavirus,
  10. BCG
  11. Varicella Zoster
56
Q

Licensed vaccines using Killed whole organism

A
  1. Whole-cell pertussis
  2. Polio
  3. Influenza
  4. Japanese encephalitis
  5. Hepatitis A
  6. Rabies
57
Q

Licensed vaccines using Toxoid vaccines

A
  1. Diphtheriae
  2. Tetanus
58
Q

Licensed vaccines using Subunit vaccines

A
  1. Pertussis
  2. Influenza
  3. Hepatitis B
  4. Meningococcal
  5. Pneumococcal
  6. Typhoid
  7. Hepatitis A
59
Q

Types of Subunit vaccines

A
  • Purified protein
  • Recombinant protein
  • Polysaccharide
  • Peptide
60
Q

Licensed Vaccines using Virus-like particle

A

Human papillomavirus

61
Q

Licensed vaccines using outer membrane vesicle vaccines

A

Group B meningococcal

62
Q

Licensed Vaccines using Protein-polysaccharide conjugate

A
  1. Haemophilus influenzae type B
  2. Pneumococcal
  3. Meningococcal
  4. Typhoid
63
Q

Licensed Vaccines using Viral vectored

A

Ebola

64
Q

Licensed vaccines using Nucleic acid vaccine

A

SARS-CoV-2

65
Q

Licensed vaccines using Bacterial vectored

A

Experimental

66
Q

Licensed vaccines using Antigen-presenting cell

A

Experimental

67
Q

They contain danger signals

A

Adjuvant

68
Q

Novel Vaccine Technologies used in Veterinary Medicine

A
  1. Plasmid-DNA vaccines
  2. Recombinant protein vaccines
  3. Chimeric protein vaccines
  4. Chimeric viral vaccine
  5. Viral-vector vaccine and DNA replicon
69
Q

Tests to determine the safety and efficacy of a veterinary vaccine

A
  • Safety Test
  • Efficacy Test
70
Q

Test that targets animal safety

A

Safety Test

71
Q

Increase in virulence test

A

Safety Test

72
Q

It assesses risk to the environment.

A

Safety test

73
Q

It focuses on laboratory efficacy

A

Efficacy test

74
Q

Interference test

A

Efficacy test

75
Q

It’s a field test

A

Efficacy test

76
Q

The Rabies Vaccination Law in the Philippines

A

Republic Act No. 9482 “Anti-Rabies Act of 2007”

77
Q

It’s a law that says pet owners are responsible for having their dog “regularly vaccinated against rabies and maintain a registration card which shall contain all vaccinations conducted on their dog, for accurate record purposes”

A

Republic Act No. 9482 “Anti-Rabies Act of 2007”

78
Q

Pet owners are said to maintain this in which it shall contain all vaccinations conducted on their dog, for accurate record purposes.

A

Registration card

79
Q

What people did Dr. Edward Jenner discovered to be exposed to cowpox that were immune to smallpox?

A

milkmaids

80
Q

Whose guidelines does the Safety and Efficacy Tests belong to? Who made them?

A

WOAH Guidelines

VMCB121 (3rd LE) (5 decks)

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