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VMCB121 (3rd LE) > Immunoprophylaxis > Flashcards

Immunoprophylaxis Flashcards

Under Principles of Microbial Control

1
Q

These are used to elicit an immune response to prevent or minimize disease produced by infectious agents.

A

Vaccines

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2
Q

Vaccines may be composed of

A
  • the infectious agent (live or killed),
  • a portion of the agent that is “immunogenic”
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3
Q

The immunogenic portion of the agent in the vaccine could be:

A
  • Toxoid (inactivated toxin), bacterins (killed bacteria)
  • DNA/RNA
  • subunit vaccine
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4
Q

The ability of an organism to resist infection or toxin by the action of a specific and targeted response.

A

Immunity

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5
Q

An example of immunity is when ______ is produced by B cells.

A

antibodies

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6
Q

An example of Immunity is when leukocytes particularly produce:

A

CD4+ Th

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7
Q

Immunity is developed through:

A
  1. Natural infection
  2. Vaccination
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8
Q

A successful ____ triggers the adaptive immunity to create a memory response.

A

Vaccination

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9
Q

In vaccination, _______ can react quickly the next time the antigen is encountered.

A

Memory cells

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10
Q

It’s the ability of a substance to induce a cellular (T lymphocyte) and humoral (antibodies produced by B lymphocytes) immune response.

A

Immunogenicity

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11
Q

Immunogenicity is the ability of a substance to induce a _____ and ____ immune response.

A
  • cellular (T lymphocyte)
  • humoral (antibodies produced by B lymphocytes)
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12
Q

The ability to be specifically recognized by antibodies generated as a result of the immune response to the given substance.

A

Antigenicity

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13
Q

It’s a tiny weakened and non-dangerous fragment of the organism and includes parts of the antigen.

A

Vaccine

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14
Q

It’s what we need for our body to learn to build the specific antibody.

A

Vaccine

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15
Q

It help for when the body encounters the real antigen later, as part of the real organism, it already knows how to defeat it.

A

Vaccine

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16
Q

The first vaccine was developed by

A

Dr. Edward Jenner

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17
Q

When was the first vaccine developed by Dr. Edward Jenner?

A

1796

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18
Q

Dr Edward Jenner observed that milkmaids who were exposed to ____ were immune to _____.

A
  • cowpox
  • smallpox
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19
Q

Who did Dr. Edward Jenner exposed to cowpox and 2 months later also exposed to smallpox (which he survived)

A

8 year-old James Phipps

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20
Q

It is very similar to variola virus (smallpox) thus providing cross-immunity.

A

Vaccinia virus (cow pox)

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21
Q

Vaccinia virus (cow pox) is very similar to ______ thus providing cross-immunity.

A

Variola virus (smallpox)

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22
Q

The term vaccine originated from the word ____, meaning cow

A

vacca

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23
Q

Vacca, where the “vaccine” word originated, means ____

A

cow

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24
Q

It refers to inactivated toxin

A

Toxoid

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25
It refers to killed bacteria.
Bacterins
26
What does the vaccination create when triggering the adaptive immunity?
A memory response
27
How long did Dr. Edward Jenner take to decide to expose 8 year old James Phipps to smallpox, after exposing to cowpox?
2 months later
28
What does Vaccinia virus (cowpox) provide along with its similar virus- variola virus (smallpox)?
Cross-immunity
29
Example of Antibodies
- IgG - IgM - IgA - some IgE
30
It refers to the combined strength of all binding sites of antibody.
Avidity
31
It refers to the longevity of antibodies.
Persistence
32
In the time course of antibody production, in the primary response, what appears first? and what is it's being followed by?
IgM appears first, followed by IgG
33
In the time course of antibody production, in the second response, which is more and less?
less IgM and more IgG
34
In the time course of antibody production, what response occur sooner after antigen introduction?
Secondary response
35
In the time course of antibody production, what is the response that is greater in magnitude?
Secondary response
36
In the time course of antibody production, which response lasts longer?
Secondary response
37
Examples of Effector cells
- CD4+ Helper T cells - CD8+ T cells
38
The effector cells for the proliferation of B cells
CD4+ Helper T cells
39
It processes/ produces Effector cells and memory T cells
CD8+ T cells
40
It is taken up by dendritic cells then trafficked to the draining lymph node
Vaccine / Vaccine antigens
41
What takes the vaccine?
Dendritic cells
42
Where is vaccine trafficked to?
Draining lymph node
43
How do dendritic cell activate T cells?
through their T cell receptor (TCR)
44
What do Dendritic cells activate?
T cells
45
In combination with signaling (by soluble antigen) through the ______, the T cells drive B cell development in the lymph node.
B cell receptor (BCR)
46
In combination with signaling (by soluble antigen) through the B cell receptor (BCR), the T cells drive B cell development where?
lymph node
47
In combination with signaling (by _____) through the B cell receptor (BCR), the T cells drive B cell development where?
soluble antigen
48
In combination with signaling (by soluble antigen) through the B cell receptor (BCR), the _____ drive B cell development in the lymph node.
T cells
49
They increase antibodies in the serum over 2 weeks.
Short-lived plasma cells
50
Short-lived plasma cells increase antibodies in the serum for how long?
over 2 weeks
51
It develops in the bone marrow for long-term protection.
Memory B cells
52
They can proliferate rapidly when they encounter a pathogen and ____ are important for the elimination of infected cells.
- CD8+ memory T cells - CD8+ effector T cells
53
They are important for the elimination of infected cells.
CD8+ effector T cells
54
Types of Vaccines
1. Live attenuated (weakened or inactivated) 2. Killed whole organism 3. Toxoid 4. Subunit 5. Virus-like particle 6. Outer membrane vesicle 7. Protein-polysaccharide conjugate 8. Viral vectored 9. Nucleic acid vaccine 10. Bacterial vectored 11. Antigen-presenting cell
55
Licensed vaccines using Live attenuated (weakened or inactivated) vaccines.
1. Measles 2. Mumps 3. Rubella 4. Yellow fever 5. Influenza 6. Oral polio 7. Typhoid 8. Japanese encephalitis 9. Rotavirus, 10. BCG 11. Varicella Zoster
56
Licensed vaccines using Killed whole organism
1. Whole-cell pertussis 2. Polio 3. Influenza 4. Japanese encephalitis 5. Hepatitis A 6. Rabies
57
Licensed vaccines using Toxoid vaccines
1. Diphtheriae 2. Tetanus
58
Licensed vaccines using Subunit vaccines
1. Pertussis 2. Influenza 3. Hepatitis B 4. Meningococcal 5. Pneumococcal 6. Typhoid 7. Hepatitis A
59
Types of Subunit vaccines
- Purified protein - Recombinant protein - Polysaccharide - Peptide
60
Licensed Vaccines using Virus-like particle
Human papillomavirus
61
Licensed vaccines using outer membrane vesicle vaccines
Group B meningococcal
62
Licensed Vaccines using Protein-polysaccharide conjugate
1. Haemophilus influenzae type B 2. Pneumococcal 3. Meningococcal 4. Typhoid
63
Licensed Vaccines using Viral vectored
Ebola
64
Licensed vaccines using Nucleic acid vaccine
SARS-CoV-2
65
Licensed vaccines using Bacterial vectored
Experimental
66
Licensed vaccines using Antigen-presenting cell
Experimental
67
They contain danger signals
Adjuvant
68
Novel Vaccine Technologies used in Veterinary Medicine
1. Plasmid-DNA vaccines 2. Recombinant protein vaccines 3. Chimeric protein vaccines 4. Chimeric viral vaccine 5. Viral-vector vaccine and DNA replicon
69
Tests to determine the safety and efficacy of a veterinary vaccine
- Safety Test - Efficacy Test
70
Test that targets animal safety
Safety Test
71
Increase in virulence test
Safety Test
72
It assesses risk to the environment.
Safety test
73
It focuses on laboratory efficacy
Efficacy test
74
Interference test
Efficacy test
75
It's a field test
Efficacy test
76
The Rabies Vaccination Law in the Philippines
Republic Act No. 9482 "Anti-Rabies Act of 2007"
77
It's a law that says pet owners are responsible for having their dog "regularly vaccinated against rabies and maintain a registration card which shall contain all vaccinations conducted on their dog, for accurate record purposes"
Republic Act No. 9482 "Anti-Rabies Act of 2007"
78
Pet owners are said to maintain this in which it shall contain all vaccinations conducted on their dog, for accurate record purposes.
Registration card
79
What people did Dr. Edward Jenner discovered to be exposed to cowpox that were immune to smallpox?
milkmaids
80
Whose guidelines does the Safety and Efficacy Tests belong to? Who made them?
WOAH Guidelines

VMCB121 (3rd LE) (5 decks)

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