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Pharm 2024 > Immunopharmacology > Flashcards

Immunopharmacology Flashcards

Final

1
Q

3 functions of the immune system

A
  1. Prevent pathogen invasion
  2. Eliminate pathogens from the body
  3. Limit the size and location of the invasion
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2
Q

Differentiate between the 2 types of host defenses

A

Innate - first and second line of defense
Acquired - third line of defense, B and T cells

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3
Q

What 3 components are involved in the first line of defense?

A

Physical barriers, chemical barriers, and genetic components

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4
Q

What 4 components are involved in the second line of defense?

A

Phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, antimicrobial proteins

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5
Q

What are the components involved in the third line of defense?

A
  • B and T cells
    active - infection
    passive - maternal antibodies
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6
Q

What are the 5 immune system cytokines?

A
  1. Interleukins (ILs)
  2. Interferons (IFNs)
  3. Growth factors
  4. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
  5. Chemokines
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7
Q

______ are the cytokines that signal among leukocytes

A

Interleukins (ILs)

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8
Q

_______ are the cytokines that are antiviral proteins

A

Interferons (IFNs)

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9
Q

______ are the cytokines that are proteins that stimulate stem cells to divide

A

Growth factors

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10
Q

_______ are the cytokines that are secreted by macrophages and T cells to kill tumor cells and regulate immune responses and inflammation

A

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

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11
Q

______ are chemotactic cytokines that signal leukocytes to move

A

chemokines

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of hyposensitivity?

A

Primary (born with) and secondary (acquired)

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13
Q

What are the 4 types of hypersensitivity?

A

Types I-IV - ACID
- A – Anaphylaxis, allergies
- C - Cytotoxic
- I – Immune complex
- D - Delayed

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14
Q

_________ is the primary immunodeficiency disease lacking a thymus

A

DiGeorge Syndrome: No Thymus (no T cells)

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15
Q

_________ is the primary immunodeficiency disease lacking B cells

A

Agammaglobinemia (no antibodies)

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16
Q

_________ is the primary immunodeficiency disease lacking B cells and T cells

A

Severe combined immunodeficiency disorder (SCID)

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17
Q

What is an example of a secondary immunodeficiency disease?

A

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

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18
Q

_______ is the immune response against normal, healthy tissue

A

Autoimmune

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19
Q

Females are _____ affected than males in autoimmune diseases

A

more

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20
Q

_________ are self-antigens that induce immune response

A

Autoantigens

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21
Q

_______ are antibodies against autoantigens

A

Autoantibodies

22
Q

_____ is the autoimmune disease with autoantibodies against DNA

A

SLE - lupus

23
Q

What are the 2 neuromuscular autoimmunities?

A

MS and MG

24
Q

Which neuromuscular autoimmunity involves autoantibodies and T-cells against neurons, myelin?

A

MS

25
Q

Which neuromuscular autoimmunity involves destruction of ACh receptors?

A

MG

26
Q

What are the 3 organs involved in autoimmune diseases of endocrine cells?

A

thyroid, adrenal, pancreas

27
Q

______ is the autoimmune disease of thyroid endocrine cells

A

Hashimoto’s, Grave’s

28
Q

______ is the autoimmune disease of adrenal endocrine cells

A

Addison’s disease (hypocortisolism)

29
Q

______ is the autoimmune disease of pancreas endocrine cells

A
  • Insulin-dependent Diabetes mellitus
  • Cytotoxic T cells attack beta cells (Insulin)
30
Q

What are the 5 caategories of immunosuppressive agents?

A
  1. Glucocorticoids (corticosteroids)
  2. Calcineurin Inhibitors
  3. Cytotoxic Agents
  4. Immunosuppressive Antibodies
  5. Additional Agents
31
Q

Which category of immunosuppressive agents involves inhibiting the activation of the T-cell pathway?

A

Calcineurin Inhibitors

32
Q

Which category of immunosuppressive agents kill rapidly proliferating cells?

A

Cytotoxic Agents

33
Q

Which category of immunosuppressive agents suppress immune response and mimic naturally occurring adrenal corticosteroids?

A

Glucocorticoids (corticosteroids)

34
Q

Which category of immunosuppressive agents are antibodies directed against cell-surface antigens/receptors?

A

Immunosuppressive Antibodies

35
Q

What are 3 examples of glucocorticoids?

A

Prednisone, hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone

36
Q

What are 2 examples of Calcineurin inhibitors?

A

Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus

37
Q

What are 3 examples of Cytotoxic Agents?

A

Azothioprine, Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxychloroquine

38
Q

What are 3 examples of Immunosuppressive Antibodies?

A

Muromonab (CD3), RhoGAM, Adalimumab (TNF-a)

39
Q

What are 3 examples of additional immunosuppressive agents?

A

Sirolimus, Mycophenylate Mofetil, Thalidomide Derivatives

40
Q

What is the MOA of glucocorticoids?

A

Interfere with cell cycle of activated lymphoid cells - B & T cells
- Decrease lymphoid cells in spleen, lymph node

41
Q

What are the side effects of glucocorticoids?

A

Immunodeficiency, exogenous Cushing’s Syndrome

42
Q

What 4 things are glucocorticoids used for?

A
  • Adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease)
  • Suppression of allergy and inflammatory reactions
  • Asthma
  • Transplantation
43
Q

When is cyclosporine used?

A

transplantation, GVHD, other autoimmune disorders

44
Q

What are the toxicities of cyclosporine?

A

Kidney, BP, hyperglycemia, liver, seizures

45
Q

Cyclosporine is a ______ antibiotic, while Tacrolimus is a ______ antibiotic

A

Calcineurin - peptide
Tacrolimus - macrolide

46
Q

What is the MOA of Azathioprine?

A

Antimetabolite targeting rapidly proliferating cells:
- Metabolized by xanthine oxidase (XO) to mercaptopurine
- Interferes with purine metabolism

47
Q

What are is the main side effect of Azathioprine?

A

leukocytopenia caused by bone marrow suppression

48
Q

What 5 things is Azathioprine used for?

A

Graft rejection, lupus, RA, Crohn’s, MS

49
Q

What is the MOA of Cyclophosphamide?

A

Alkylating agent - destroys proliferating lymphoid cells, cancer cells

50
Q

What is the main toxicity of Thalidomide Derivatives?

A

TERATOGENICITY

51
Q

_______ is a semi-synthetic derivative from penicillium that inhibits B and T cell response

A

Mycophenylate Mofetil (MMF)

52
Q

_______ is a macrolide antibiotic that inhibits mTOR, inhibiting cell growth and proliferation

A

Sirolimus

Pharm 2024 (32 decks)

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