Immunopathology (part 2) Flashcards
type 3 produces antibodies against endogenous or exogenous substancs
be specific
endogenous could be DNA
exogenous could be bacteria or viruses
for an antibody-antigen complex to be formed what should be the relative ratio of antibody to antigen
roughly equal
SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) is what kind of hypersensitivity
type 3 (autoimmune)
antigen-antibody complex deposits in basement membrane
glomerulonephritis
deposition in vessel walls
associated with ______ infection
vasculitis, hepatitis C
what do anaphylatoxins do:
-to smooth muscle
-to the blood
name 2 anaphylotoxins
C3a and c5a
contract smooth muscle - respiratory system dysfunction
increase permeability of blood vessels, causing edema
name 3 results of immune complex deposition
vasculitis
glomerulonephritis
complement activation (C3a and c5a released and produce their effects of increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction)
what is delayed type hypersensitivity
type 4
type 4 hypersensitivity mainly involves what cells
CD4 and CD8 rather than antibodies
what hypersensitivity involves contact dermatitis
type 4 - (Poison ivy)
what plays a major role in transplant rejection
type 4 hypersensitivity – CD8 mediated
2 most important cytokines in type 2 hypersensitivity
IL-2 AND IFN-Y
what hypersensitivity is used for tuberculin skin test
explain
type 4 (delayed type)
intradermal injection and sensitized CD4+ are activated and secrete cytokines
granulomatous inflammation is associated with which hypersensitivity
type 4
name the different types of kidney rejection and differentiate
hyperacute
acute
chronic
hyperacute occurs within minutes to hours (acquired immunity not yet activated)
acute - onset 7-10 days. detected by slight rise in SERUM CREATININE. cell mediated and humoral tissue damage (tubular injury)
CHRONIC - onset is months to years
-arterial anf arteriolar thickening, thick glomerular capillary walls, atrophy, fibrosis
in ___ and ___ transplants, unlike kidney transplants, there is no effort to match HLA antigens in donor and host
heart and liver
only size compatibility and time limitations
in which transplant can graft vs host disease occur
bone marrow transplant
explain what happens in graft vs host disease
the donor marrow rejects the host as foreign and targets the liver, skin, and GI tract
systemic lupus erythematosus is what kind of hypersensitivity
type 3
rheumatoid arthritis is what kind of hypersensitivity
type 3
what is primary immunodeficiency
inherited defects in genes
most are RECESSIVE
primary immunodeficiency can be classified into ___ main groups:
4:
-humoral (B cell) (MOST)
-Cellular (T cell)
(- phagocytic
-complement) barely
explain XLA (x-linked agammaglobulinemia)
B cell primary immunodeficiency
areas like tonsils, spleen, adenoids, peyers patches are poorly developed
HOWEVER LYMPH NODES HORMAL BC HYPERTROPHY OF T CELL AREAS
Those with XLA are at an increased risk of….
B cell lymphoma
