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Pathology Midterm > Immunopathology (part 1) > Flashcards

Immunopathology (part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

how many lines of defense do we have? name them

A

3 lines

-mechanical/chemical barrier
-innate immunity
-adaptive immunity

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2
Q

true or false

innate immunity is specific

A

false – nonspecific

adaptive immunity is specific

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3
Q

what is the myeloid stem cell

A

pluripotent stem cell that can produce lot of WBC

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4
Q

what is the primary antigen presenting cell

A

MACROPHAGES

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5
Q

macrophages express MHC class 1 or 2 molecules

A

CLASS 2

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6
Q

what does the lymphoid stem cell produce

A

T lymphocyte
NK lymphocyte
B lymphocyte (becomes plasma cell)

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7
Q

_______ are the key components of the acquired immune system

A

lymphocytes (T and B lymphocytes)

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8
Q

CD4 t cells express MHC class _____ and CD8 T cells express MHC class ____
(way of recognizing antigens)

A

CD4 = MHC type 2
CD8 = MHC type 1

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9
Q

MHC class ___ is recognized by natural killer cells

A

class 1

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10
Q

MHC class 2 is expressed on what cells

A

antigen presenting cells

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11
Q

name 3 antigen presenting cells

A

macrophages
dendritic cells
b cells

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12
Q

MHC Class 2 is recognized by what cells

A

helper t cells

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13
Q

what cells recognize and kill tumor and virus infected cells

A

natural killer cells

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14
Q

name 4 immune system disorders

A

hypersensitivity reactions (1-4)
autoimmune diseases
immune deficiency syndromes
transplantation immunity

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15
Q

define a hypersensitivity reaction

A

an exaggerated immune response that results in tissue injury

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16
Q

type _______ hypersensitivity reactions are dependent on the interaction of specific antibodies with the given antigen

type _____ hypersensitivity reactions recognize through antigen receptors on T cells

A

type 1-3 are dependent on antibody interaction with antigen

type 4 through antigen receptors on T cells

17
Q

name 3 type 2 hypersensitivity reactions

A

myasthenia gravis - causes muscle weakness

graves disease - stimulates cells to produce more thyroid hormones

goodpasture syndrome - glomerulonephritis, or bleeding in lungs

18
Q

Transfusion reaction and Rh reaction are what kind fo hypersensitivity

A

type 2

19
Q

skin and food allergies are what hypersensitivity

A

type 1

20
Q

which hypersensitivity is the cytotoxic type name 3 types

A

type 2

myasthenia graves (muscle weakness)
graves disease (too much thyoroid hormone)
goodpasture

21
Q

which hypersensitivity is the immune complex typw
name 2 types

A

type 3
arthritis
glomerulonephritis

22
Q

what hypersensitivity is the anaphylactic typw

give 4 examples

A

type 1
hay fever
asthma
hives
anaphylaxis

23
Q

what hypersensitivity is the cell-mediated type
give 2 examples

A

type 4

tuberculosis (granulomatous disease) and poison ivy (delayed skin reaction)

24
Q

what antibody is involved with type 1

A

ige antibody

25
Q

what is involved with type 4

A

mononuclear cells (T lymphocytes and macrophages)

26
Q

what is involved with type 2

A

cytotoxic antibodies (IgG and IgM) formed against cell surface antigens

27
Q

what is involved with type 3

A

antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA) fomred against exogenous or endogenous antigens

28
Q

_____ is essential in type 1 hypersensitivity for IgM to be changed to IgE

A

IL4

29
Q

Explain the pathogenesis of type 1 hypersensitivity

A

1st exposure - no significant morphological changes. IgE produced and attaches to mast cells and basophils

2nd exposure to antigen = mast cells and basophils are activated and immediately release their granule contents. very fast response (5-10 mins)

causes smooth muscle contraction, edema (increased vascular permeability), chemoattraction of eosinophils, platelet activation, protease effects (cleavage of kinins - inflammation)

30
Q

divided type 1 hypersensitivity into phases

A

initial phase (3-30 mins)
vasodilation, vascular leakage, smooth muscle spasm

late phase - allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, EOSINOPHILS

31
Q

_____ cells are bone marrow driven cells widely distributed in tissues around blood vessels and sub epithelial sites where type 1 reaction occurs

A

MAST CELLS

32
Q

Eosinophils are particularly important in the _______ phase of type 1 hypersensitivity

A

late phase

33
Q

explain the transfusion reaction

what type of hypersensitivity?

A

C5-9 membrane attack complex makes holes in acceptor’s RBC. sodium rushes into the cell

TYPE 2 (complement dependent)

34
Q

antibody dependent compliment mediated hypersensitivity reaction

A

type 2

Rh negative mother produces ab against an Rh+ baby

no isses in 1st pregnancy

35
Q

antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

A

target cell is coated with IgG and destorying cell has receptor for Fc region

36
Q
A

Pathology Midterm (10 decks)

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