Immunology - week 4 parasites 3 Flashcards
Where are Leishmaniasis usually found?
Central and south america
Where do they infect?
blood and tissues - most are cutaneous on hands or face
How is Leishmaniasis transmited?
sand fly
What is the life cycle of leishmaniasis?
1) sand fly bites human
2) leishmania goes into circulation and is phagocytosed by macrophage
3) Leshmania replicates in the macrophage
4) sand fly bites human and picks up gamates
What is the resorvoir for leshmaniasis?
domestic and wild animals (humans in india)
How can you diganost leshmaniasis?
biopsy or aspirate the lesion - look for amastigotes
What is the vector for african trypanosomiasis?
tsetse fly
What is the reservoir for west african trypanosomiasis?
humans
What is the reservoir for east african trypanosomiasis?
antelope/cattle
What is the disease progression for West african trypanosomiasis?
chronic - mortality rate 100%
What is the disease progression for East african trypanosomiasis?
rapid progression: 1-4 weeks, mortality 100%
What is the life cycle of AFrican trypanosomes?
same as leishmanias except without the macrophage step and the vector is the tse tse fly - organism is always extracellular
Where is African trypanosomiasis found?
only sub-saharan
How do you diagnose african trypanosomiasis?
direct examination of blood, lympth and CSF
Why is it difficult to make a vaccine for trypanosomiasis?
They keep changing their surface proteins - causes waves of immune attacks and they switch them
What is South american trypanosomiasis called?
Chagas disease
What is the resourvoir for south american trypanosomiasis?
rats, cats, dogs, opossums
Where in the body are South american Trypanosomiasis?
Intracellular - blood, lymphatics, tissues
How is South American Trypanosomiasis transmitted?
reduvid bugs
What is the lifecycle of South american trypanosomiasis?
similar to other vector parasites but has an intracellular stage where it can grow in cardiac cells (or other organs i think)
How do you diagnost African Trypanosomias?
Winterbottoms sign
How can Chagas spread?
Reduviid bugs and via transplant - patient is immunodepressed during surgery making them vulnerable
What is the acute stage for chagas?
2-4 months fever: chagomia (romana’s sign)
circulating trypomastigotes
What is the chronic stage of chagas?
onset at 10-20 years
no circulating trypomastigotes
How can you diagnose chagas?
for acute: see trypomastigotes in blood
Where does Trichomoniasis infect?
urogenital
What is the lifecycle of Trichomoniasis like?
No free living or encyzed stages: organism is stable for 24 hours outside body
How is Trichomoniasis transmitted?
Direct sexual contact
What is the pathology in females?
frothy vaginal discharge with unusual color
What is the pathology in males?
itching or irritation inside penis, burning after urination or ejaculation
How is trichomoniasis diagnosed?
microscopic observations of motile parasites
