Immunology - week 4 parasites 3

Question 1

Where are Leishmaniasis usually found?

Answer 1

Central and south america

Question 2

Where do they infect?

Answer 2

blood and tissues - most are cutaneous on hands or face

Question 3

How is Leishmaniasis transmited?

Answer 3

sand fly

Question 4

What is the life cycle of leishmaniasis?

Answer 4

1) sand fly bites human
2) leishmania goes into circulation and is phagocytosed by macrophage
3) Leshmania replicates in the macrophage
4) sand fly bites human and picks up gamates

Question 5

What is the resorvoir for leshmaniasis?

Answer 5

domestic and wild animals (humans in india)

Question 6

How can you diganost leshmaniasis?

Answer 6

biopsy or aspirate the lesion - look for amastigotes

Question 7

What is the vector for african trypanosomiasis?

Answer 7

tsetse fly

Question 8

What is the reservoir for west african trypanosomiasis?

Answer 8

humans

Question 9

What is the reservoir for east african trypanosomiasis?

Answer 9

antelope/cattle

Question 10

What is the disease progression for West african trypanosomiasis?

Answer 10

chronic - mortality rate 100%

Question 11

What is the disease progression for East african trypanosomiasis?

Answer 11

rapid progression: 1-4 weeks, mortality 100%

Question 12

What is the life cycle of AFrican trypanosomes?

Answer 12

same as leishmanias except without the macrophage step and the vector is the tse tse fly - organism is always extracellular

Question 13

Where is African trypanosomiasis found?

Answer 13

only sub-saharan

Question 14

How do you diagnose african trypanosomiasis?

Answer 14

direct examination of blood, lympth and CSF

Question 15

Why is it difficult to make a vaccine for trypanosomiasis?

Answer 15

They keep changing their surface proteins - causes waves of immune attacks and they switch them

Question 16

What is South american trypanosomiasis called?

Answer 16

Chagas disease

Question 17

What is the resourvoir for south american trypanosomiasis?

Answer 17

rats, cats, dogs, opossums

Question 18

Where in the body are South american Trypanosomiasis?

Answer 18

Intracellular - blood, lymphatics, tissues

Question 19

How is South American Trypanosomiasis transmitted?

Answer 19

reduvid bugs

Question 20

What is the lifecycle of South american trypanosomiasis?

Answer 20

similar to other vector parasites but has an intracellular stage where it can grow in cardiac cells (or other organs i think)

Question 21

How do you diagnost African Trypanosomias?

Answer 21

Winterbottoms sign

Question 22

How can Chagas spread?

Answer 22

Reduviid bugs and via transplant - patient is immunodepressed during surgery making them vulnerable

Question 23

What is the acute stage for chagas?

Answer 23

2-4 months fever: chagomia (romana’s sign)

circulating trypomastigotes

Question 24

What is the chronic stage of chagas?

Answer 24

onset at 10-20 years

no circulating trypomastigotes

Question 25

How can you diagnose chagas?

Answer 25

for acute: see trypomastigotes in blood

Question 26

Where does Trichomoniasis infect?

Answer 26

urogenital

Question 27

What is the lifecycle of Trichomoniasis like?

Answer 27

No free living or encyzed stages: organism is stable for 24 hours outside body

Question 28

How is Trichomoniasis transmitted?

Answer 28

Direct sexual contact

Question 29

What is the pathology in females?

Answer 29

frothy vaginal discharge with unusual color

Question 30

What is the pathology in males?

Answer 30

itching or irritation inside penis, burning after urination or ejaculation

Question 31

How is trichomoniasis diagnosed?

Answer 31

microscopic observations of motile parasites