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Block 5 > Immunology - Week 4 - Fungi 2 > Flashcards

Immunology - Week 4 - Fungi 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary response to a fungal infection?

A

Innate immunity - professional phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells) and the compliment system

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2
Q

What happens if the fungi escapes the innate immue system?

A

adaptive response through a TH1 (activate B cells to release IgG to opsonize fungi) and TH17 response (increase inflammation)

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3
Q

What are 4 types of superficial mycoses?

A

Malassezia furfur
Hortaea werneckii/Exophiala werneckii
Piedraia hortae
Tricosporon

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4
Q

What type of fungus are Malazzesia furfur and Hortaea werneckii/exophiala werneckii?

A

Skin

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5
Q

What ype of fungus are Piedaia hortae and Tricosporon?

A

hair

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6
Q

What is the disease caused by Malazzezia furfur?

A

Pityriasias (tinea) versicolor

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of Malazezia furfur?

A

small hypo or hyper pigmented macules - affected areas don’t tan

(skin has that white splotchy look)

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8
Q

How do you diagnose Malazezia furfur?

A

scotch tape test - pull piece of fungi and put on slide - look for “spaghetti and meatball” like appearance

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9
Q

How do you treat Malazzezia furfur?

A

topical azoles or selenium sulfide shampoo

wide spread = oral azole treatment

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10
Q

What disease does Hortaea werneckii/Exophiala werneckii cause?

symptoms?

Treatment?

A

Tinea nigra

Symptoms: solitary irregular pigmented macule usually on PALMS OR SOLES

Treatment? topical agents: azoles and terbinafine

not contagious

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11
Q

What can Hortaea werneckii look like?

A

Malignant melanoma

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12
Q

What disease does Piedraia hortae cause?

symptoms?

Treatment?

A

disease: black piedra

Symptoms: hard dark nodules that surround the hair shaft

Treatment: haircut and regular hair washings - topical antifungal agents

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13
Q

What disease does Trichosporon cause?

A

disease: white piedra
symptoms: affects hair of groin and axillae - fungus surrounds hair shaft and forms white-brown swelling around hair strand

Treatment: removal of hair and topical azoles

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14
Q

What do you have to remove during a culture of trichosporon?

A

Cycloheximide - it inhibits is growth

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15
Q

What are three dermatophytes?

A

Tricophyton
Epidermophyton
Microsporum

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16
Q

Where do dermatophytes infect?

A

superficial keratinized tissues (skin, hair and nails)

17
Q

What are other names for dermatophytes?

A

Tineas or ring worm

18
Q

Where do the following infect?

Tinea capitis
Tinea pedis
Tinea barbae
Tinea corporis
Tinea cruris
Tinea unguium
A 
Tinea capitis: scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes
Tinea pedis: foot (athletes foot)
Tinea barbae: beard
Tinea corporis: smooth or glaborous skin
Tinea cruris: groin (jock itch)
Tinea unguium: nails (onychomycosis)
19
Q

What are the two types of tinea capitis?

A

1) endothrix - arthrocondia found inside hair shaft
2) ectotrhix - arthroconidia found outside the hair shaft

3) favic (more severe)

20
Q

What is one theory as to why dermatophytes only live on skin?

A

They are unable to grow at 37 degrees C. This prevents them from going to other areas of the body

21
Q

What type of response from the host is elicited from zoophilic (from animals) or geophilic (from soil) dermatophytes?

A

Strong host response - highly inflamed lesions - respond well to therapy

22
Q

What type of response from the host is elicited from anthropophilic dermatophytes?

A

Mild host response - chronic infection - difficult to cure

23
Q

What are the symptoms of Tinea pedis?

A

itching vesicles and pustules, cracked skin, macerated, peeling, watery discharge

24
Q

What are the symptoms of Tinea corporis or cruris?

A

tiny red pimple, actively inflamed vesicul-pustular margin and healing scaly center

25
Q

What are the symptoms of Tinea capitis?

A

spread peripherally with patches of hair stumps

26
Q

What are the symptoms of Tinea unguium?

A

nails will appear thickened, cracking and have a yellowish brown color

27
Q

What organism do you have to be careful of when diagnosing dermatophytes?

A

Coccidioides resembles dermaophytes and are serious biohazard

28
Q

What’s a wood light and how is it used?

A

It’s a blacklight, used to diagnose dermatophytes - some fluoresce a distinct color

29
Q

What is the treatment for dermatophytes?

A

non-hair or nails: topical azole or terbinafine

chronic: oral antifungal

30
Q

What disease does Sporothrix schenckii cause?

Symptoms?

Treatement?

A

lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

symptoms: nodular lesion that will eventually ulcerate - can spread through lymphatics that drain he site and more nodes will appear
treatement: itraconazole for 3-6 months

31
Q

Where is sporothrix schenckii found?

A

Soil and decaying mater - warmer climates

Block 5 (23 decks)

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