Immunology Pharmacology Flashcards
-prim & sulfa-
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
4 nursing pro tips
- purpose: treatment of infections
- classification: antibiotics
-
nursing pro tips:
1. enhances the action of metformin and glipizide (oral insulin medications)
2. glipizide is a sulfa derivative
3. adverse reaction – rash
4. drink at least 8 large glasses of water/day – insoluble, so the more fluids, the better it distributes
-cillins
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
3 nursing pro tips
- purpose: treatment of infections
- classification: antibiotics
-
nursing pro tips:
1. severe allergic reaction – feeling like you can’t breathe, hives on extremities, itching
2. treats GBS positive mothers
3. can be harsh on pts with kidney disease and can cause further damage – monitor GFR and creatinine
-mycin & -micin
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
3 nursing pro tips
- purpose: treatment of infection
- classification: antibiotics
-
nursing pro tips:
1. adverse effect – ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
2. side effect – N/V
3. monitor creatinine for nephrotoxicity – values of 10+ mcg/dL
-cycline
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
4 nursing pro tips
- purpose: treatment of infections
- classification: antibiotics
-
nursing pro tips:
1. minerals reduce the effectiveness of -cyclines – take these at least 2 hours prior to taking antibiotic
2. cause sensitivity to sunlight
3. decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives
4. may cause fetal harm – should not be taken during pregnancy
-floxacin
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
2 nursing pro tips
- purpose: treatment of infections
- classification: antibiotics
-
nursing pro tips:
1. adverse effect – joint tenderness (black box warning: increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture)
2. causes sensitivity to the sun
-nidazole
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
2 nursing pro tips
- purpose: treatment of infections
- classification: antibiotics; anti-parasitics
-
nursing pro tips:
1. can result in low platelets – these may appear as pinpoint red spots on the skin
2. avoid drinking alcohol while on medication – will cause flushing, nausea, psychosis, and tachycardia
nitrofurantoin
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
1 nursing pro tip
- purpose: treatment of infections
- classification: antibiotics
-
nursing pro tips:
1. causes sensitivity to the sun
rifaximin
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
2 nursing pro tips
- purpose: treatment of infections, infections of GI tract, and hepatic encephalopathy
- classification: antibiotics
-
nursing pro tips:
1. in hepatic encephalopathy, the bad liver cannot remove ammonia, so it accumulates and affects cognitive ability; rifaximin kills the bacteria that produce ammonia to alleviate hepatic encephalopathy
2. helps with confusion that results from hepatic encephalopathy
rifampin
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
3 nursing pro tips
- purpose: treatment of TB
- classification: antibiotics
-
nursing pro tips:
1. dark amber urine – rifampin is damaging liver and causing dysfunction
2. side effect – orange-red urine – normal
3. require a combination of TB antibiotics
-zinamide & -niazid
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
2 nursing pro tips
- purpose: treatment of TB
- classification: antibiotics
-
nursing pro tips:
1. adverse effects – gout and liver damage - pyrazinamide – raises uric acid level and can cause gout; joint pain
- isoniazid – yellowing of sclera indicates liver damage
2. isoniazid side effect – can cause peripheral neuropathy
What is important to note about all antibiotics?
you must finish your medications!
What are some signs of allergic reaction that may result from taking antibiotics?
hives and respiratory issues
Which antibiotics require food and drink considerations?
3 antibiotics
- sulfa-: drink 8 glasses of water to better distribute medication
- -cyclines: take minerals like iron, aluminum, magnesium, and calcium 2 hours before taking antibiotics because they will bind to -cyclines and decrease their effectiveness
- -nidazole: no alcohol while taking – will cause flushing, nausea, psychosis, and tachycardia
Which antibiotics pose a threat to fetuses if taken during maternal pregnancy?
1 antibiotic
-cyclines
Which drugs have drug-drug interactions?
sulfa + metformin/glipizide (oral glucose)
* causes allergic reaction
* causes potentiation of the drugs
Which drugs cause sensitivity to the sun?
3 antibiotics
- nitrofurantoin
- -floxacin
- -cycline
- but really sunscreen should be used while taking any antibiotics
Which antibiotics can have adverse effects on organs?
5 organ categories
-
kidneys: -cillins, -mycins, rifampin
* check creatinine levels for these - low platelets: -nidazole
- gout: -zinamide
- liver/jaundice: -niazid
- ruptured tendon: -floxacins
-vir
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
1 nursing pro tip
- purpose: treatment of herpes, shingles, chickenpox, and flu
- classification: anti-viral
-
nursing pro tips:
1. should start taking these medications ASAP – once symptoms start
-mab (monoclonal antibodies)
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
3 nursing pro tips
- purpose: treatment of breast and gastric cancer
- classification: monoclonal antibodies
-
nursing pro tips:
1. adverse effect – cardiotoxicity – produces irregular apical pulse
2. adverse effects – SOB, lightheadedness, dizziness, cough, swelling of feet, chills, fatigue, headache
3. use contraception during and for 6 months following use of drug – can result in birth defects
-cept & etanercept
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
1 nursing pro tip
- purpose: treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
- classification: TNF inhibitor (tumor necrosis factor) – decreases inflammation
-
nursing pro tips:
1. store medication in refrigerator and warm to room temp before injecting
