Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
promethazine
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
3 nursing pro tips
A
- purpose: nausea, vomiting
- classification: anti-histamine by blocking acetylcholine in the brain
-
nursing pro tips:
1. increases prolactin concentration when taken with fertility medications – impairs fertility
2. side effects: dry mouth, sedation, heart palpitations
3. black box warning: respiratory arrest in ped < 2 years
2
Q
-pramide
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
2 nursing pro tips
A
- purpose: nausea, vomiting
- classification: bowel mover; brain anti-emetic by blocking dopamine
-
nursing pro tips:
1. black box warning: irreversible tardive dyskinesia caused by blocking dopamine long-term (longer than 12 weeks)
2. stimulates peristalsis of the upper GI tract
3
Q
-setron
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
5 nursing pro tips
A
- purpose: nausea, vomiting
- classification: anti-emetic by blocking serotonin
-
nursing pro tips:
1. take before feeling nauseous or ASAP as soon as nauseous – works best this way
2. fast working
3. safe
4. most common N/V med
5. typical dose = 4 mg; high dose = 16 mg can cause cardiac safety issues
4
Q
lactulose
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
4 nursing pro tips
A
- purpose: treatment of hepatic encephalopathy caused by excess ammonia
- classification: laxative; lowers ammonia
-
nursing pro tips:
1. pulls fluid into colon and flushes out ammonia by preventing reabsorption
2. used for hepatic encephalopathy and portal hypertension
3. monitor ammonia
4. ordered until pt has 3 - 4 BMs/day
5
Q
psyllium
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
2 nursing pro tips
A
- purpose: constipation
- classification: bulk-forming laxative
-
nursing pro tips:
1. do not take with other medications – psyllium acts like a sponge and soaks up all other medications
2. take with a full glass of water or juice
6
Q
docusate sodium
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
5 nursing pro tips
A
- purpose: constipation
- classification: stool softener
-
nursing pro tips:
1. soften stool by pulling fluid into large intestine
2. diarrhea is contraindicated – notify HCP
3. side effect: abdominal cramping
4. most common anti-constipation med
5. very safe
7
Q
-dyl
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
3 nursing pro tips
A
- purpose: constipation
- classification: stimulant laxative
-
nursing pro tips:
1. stimulates bowel neurons to increase peristalsis
2. fastest acting laxative – works in about 1 hour; good for surgical pts with constipation
3. should not be used for small bowel obstruction
8
Q
bismuth subsalicylate
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
2 nursing pro tips
A
- purpose: diarrhea; indigestion
- classification: anti-diarrheal
-
nursing pro tips:
1. side effect: black tongue – common, temporary side effect
2. contraindicated in pts with Salmonella infections – stool will stay in intestine longer, allowing bacteria to further infect intestinal mucosa
9
Q
loperamide
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
2 nursing pro tips
A
- purpose: diarrhea
- classification: anti-diarrheal
-
nursing pro tips:
1. blocks opioid receptors in the gut, inhibiting peristalsis
2. taking it may increase your risk of an abnormal heart rhythm
10
Q
-tidine
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
4 nursing pro tips
A
- purpose: GERD, heartburn, peptic ulcers
- classification: antacid, histamine (H2) blocker by decreasing serotonin in the stomach
-
nursing pro tips:
1. adverse reaction: mental status change, especially in older adults
2. prevents and treats heartburn
3. use cautiously in pts on digoxin – increases digoxin absorption
4. monitor digoxin levels
11
Q
-prazole
* purpose
* classification
* nursing pro tips
2 nursing pro tips
A
- purpose: GERD, heartburn, peptic ulcer, stress ulcers
- classification: proton pump inhibitor
-
nursing pro tips:
1. IV and PO meds aren’t the same
2. linked to an increased risk of C. diff diarrhea – notify HCP of new occurrence of diarrhea and collect stool sample
