Immunology-Lymphoid Structures

Question 1

Lmyph nodes- encapsulated, with trabeculae.

What does the follicle do?

Answer 1

Site of B cell localization and proliferation. In outer cortex. Primary follicles are dense and dormant and 2ndary follicles have pale central germinal centers and are active

Question 2

What does the medulla in lymph nodes do?

Answer 2

Consists of medullary cords and medullary sinuses. edullary sinsuses communicate with efferent lymphatics and contain reticular cells and macropahges.

Question 3

What does the paracortex in lymph nodes do?

Answer 3

Houses T cells. Region of cortex between follicles and the medulla. Contains high endothelial venules through which T and B cells enter from blood.

Not well developed in pts with DiGeorge

Question 4

What is the lymph drainage of the head and neck?

Answer 4

cervical cluster

Question 5

What is the lymph drainage of the lungs?

Answer 5

hilar nodes

Question 6

What is the lymph drainage of the trachea and esophagus?

Answer 6

mediastinal

Question 7

What is the lymph drainage of the upper limb, breast, and skin above umbilicus?

Answer 7

Axillary

Question 8

What is the lymph drainage of the liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, and upper duodenum?

Answer 8

Celiac nodes

Question 9

What is the lymph drainage of the lower duodenu, jejunum, ieum, colon to splenic flexure?

Answer 9

Superior mesenteric

Question 10

What is the lymph drainage of the colon from the splenic flexure to the upper rectum?

Answer 10

Inferior mesenteric

Question 11

What is the lymph drainage of the lower retctum above the pectinate line, bladder, vagina (middle third), and prostate?

Answer 11

Internal iliac

Question 12

What is the lymph drainage of the testes, ovaries, kidneys, and uterus?

Answer 12

Para-aortic nodes

Question 13

What is the lymph drainage of the anal canal below the pectinate line, skin below the umbilicus (except popliteal territory) and scrotum?

Answer 13

Superfical inguinal

Question 14

What is the lymph drainage of the dosrolateral foot and posterior calf?

Answer 14

Popliteal

Question 15

Note that the right lymphatic duct drains the right side of body above the diaphragm and the thoracic duct drains everythign else into the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular vein

Answer 15

Question 16

pg 199 helps First AID

The marginal zone, in between the red pulp and white pulp, contains APCs and specialized B cells, and is where APCs capture blood-borne antigens for ecognition by lymphocytes

Answer 16

Sinusoids are long, vascular channels in the red pulp with fenestrated “barrel loop” basement membranes

T cells are found in the PALS within the white pulp of the spleen

B cells are found in the follicles within the white pulp

Question 17

Lack of a spleen increases the risk of infection from what?

Answer 17

SHiNE SKiS

S. pneumo

H. influenza type B

N. meningitidis

E. coli

Salmonella spp.

Klebsiella pneumoniae

GBS

Question 18

What are some clinical findings post-splenectomy?

Answer 18

• Howell-Jolly bodies (below)
• target cells

Thrombocytosis due to loss of sequestration and removal

Lymphocytosis

Question 19

What is the role of the thymus?

Answer 19

This is the site of T-cell differentation and maturation. Encapsulated.

Derived from the 3rd pharyngeal pouch

Cotex is dense with immature T cells and the medulla is dense with mature T cells and Hassall corpuslces containing epithelial reticular cells