Immunology Introduction

Question 1

Immunity

Answer 1

Protection from disease

Question 2

Immunoglobin

Answer 2

Soluble immune component of blood serum

Also known as antibody

Question 3

Antibodies

Answer 3

Produced by B cells
Soluble
Specific to antigen
Can be transferred between individuals to provide passive immune protection

Question 4

Humoral immunity

Answer 4

Combating pathogens via antibodies

Soluble portion of immune system

Question 5

Passive immunity

Answer 5

Transferring cells or serum constituents from one individual to another, thus giving the receiving individual the benefits of the donor’s immunity

Question 6

Active immunity

Answer 6

Host-generated response to infection

Question 7

Cell-mediated immunity

Answer 7

Immunity imparted by cells (specifically, T-cells)

Question 8

T cells

Answer 8

Main component of cell-mediated immunity

Can act directly to eradicate infectious agent or can aid other cells in their work

Question 9

B cells

Answer 9

Produce antibodies, main component of humoral immunity

Question 10

Antigen

Answer 10

Specific pathogenic structure that binds to receptors

Question 11

Clonal selection

Answer 11

Process by which individual T and B lymphocytes are engaged by antigen and cloned to create a population of antigen-reactive cells with identical antigen specificity

Question 12

4 main categories of pathogens

Answer 12

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites

Question 13

Tolerance

Answer 13

Prohibition of immune response to host tissue

Question 14

Innate immunity

Answer 14

Immediate response to infection
Mediated by barriers, myeloid cells, and cell products
Not very antigen-specific

Question 15

Adaptive immunity

Answer 15

Delayed response to infection
Mediated by lymphocytes (B and T cells)
Very antigen-specific

Question 16

Inflammatory response

Answer 16

Swelling, heat, and tenderness at site of infection

Caused by innate immune response

Question 17

Primary response

Answer 17

First exposure to pathogen

Results in creation of memory cells (B and T cells)

Question 18

Secondary response

Answer 18

Memory B and T cells (remaining from first exposure to specific pathogen) are activated during subsequent exposure to that pathogen

Question 19

Herd immunity

Answer 19

The more people vaccinated, the less likely any individual within the population is to contract the disease

Question 20

Hypersensitivity (allergy)

Answer 20

Overly zealous attacks on common benign, but foreign, antigens

Question 21

Autoimmune disease

Answer 21

Immune cells wrongly targeting self-proteins or tissues

Question 22

Immune deficiency

Answer 22

Insufficiency of immune response to protect against infectious agents

Question 23

Immune imbalance

Answer 23

Dysregulation in immune system that leads to abnormal activity of immune cells, especially enhanced inflammation and/or reduced immune inhibition