Immunology CH 3.1 Basic Principles

Question 1

From the following, identify a specific component of the adaptive immune system that is formed in response to antigenic stimulation:

lysozyme
compliment
commensal organisms
Immunoglobulin

Answer 1

Immunoglobulin, it is apart of the adaptive immune system and formed only in response to a specific antigenic stimulation.

Question 2

Which two organs are considered the primary lympoid organs in which the immunocompetent cells originate and mature?

thymus and peyers patches
thymus and bone marrow
spleen and mucosal assoc lymph tissue

Answer 2

bone marrow and thymus are conisidered primary organs because young cells originate or or mature in them.

Question 3

what type of B cell is formed after antigenic stimulation?

plasma cells and B memory cells
mature B cells
antigen-dependent B cells
receptor activated B cells

Answer 3

plasma cells and memory B cells, activated b cells and further down the line plasma cells

Question 4

T cells travel from the bone marrow to the thymus for maturation. What is the correct order of the maturation sequence for T cells in the thymus?

Bone marrow to cortex, after thymic education, released back to peripheral

maturation and selection occur in cortex, migtration to medulla, release of mature cells to secondary organs

storage in either the cortex or medulla, relase of t cells into peripheral

activation and selection occur in the medulla, mature t cells are stored in the cortex until stimulated

Answer 4

B : selection and maturation in the cortex and then to the medulla. Release to secondary organs

Question 5

which cluster of differentiation (CD) marker is the most specific identifying marker for mature t cells?

CD1
CD2
CD3
CD4 or CD8

Answer 5

CD3, helps differentiate from other lymphocytes

Question 6

which markers are found on mature, peripheral helper T cells?

CD1,CD2,CD4
CD2,CD3,CD8
CD1,CD3,CD4
CD2,CD3,CD4

Answer 6

CD2,CD3,CD4 (helper) markers

Question 7

which t cells express the CD8 marker and act specifically to kill tumors or virally infected cells?

Helper T
suppressor T
cytotoxic T (Tc)
Regulator T

Answer 7

Tc cells with MHC class I complexes

includes viral antigens and graft vs host

Question 8

How are Tc cells and NK cells similar?

require Ab to be present
effective against virally infected cells
recognize antigen in assoc with HLA class II markers
Do not bind to infected cells

Answer 8

affective against virally infected cells

Question 9

what is the name of the process by which phagocytic cells are attracted to a substance, such as bacterial peptide?

diapedesis
degranulation
chemotaxis
phagotaxis

Answer 9

chemotaxis

Question 10

all of the following are immunologic functions of compliment EXCEPT?

induction of an antiviral state
opsonization
chemotaxis
anaphylatoxin formation

Answer 10

no antiviral state, that is preformed by interferons

Question 11

which compliment component is found in both classic and alternative pathway?

C1
C4
factor D
C3

Answer 11

C3

Question 12

which Ig(s) help(s) initiate the classic compliment pathway?

IgA and D
IgM only
IgG and IgM
IgG only

Answer 12

both IgG and IgM

Question 13

how is compliment activity destroyed in vitro?

heating serum at 56 deg for 30 min
keeping serum at RT 22 deg for 1 hr
heating serum at 37 deg for 45 min
freezing serum at 0 deg for 24hr

Answer 13

heating serum at 56 deg for 30 min

Question 14

what is the purpose of C3a, C4a, C5a, the split products of the compliment cascade?

to bind with specific membrane receptors of lymphs and cause release of cytotoxins

to cause increased vascular permability, contract smooth muscle, and release histamines from basos

to bind membrane receptors of macrophages to facilitate phagocytosis and removal of debris/substances

to regulate and dehrade membrane cofactor protein after activation by C3 convertase

Answer 14

to cause increased vasc perm, contract smooth muscle and release histamines from basos

Question 15

which region of the Ig molecule can bind antigen?

Fragment antigen binding FAB
Fragment crystalizable FC
constant light Cl
Constant heavy Ch

Answer 15

FAB region, binds to the antigen

Question 16

which region determines whether an Ig molecule can fix compliment?

Variable Heavy Vh
Constant Heavy Ch
Variable light Vl
Constant Light Cl

Answer 16

Constant heavy determins which Ig fixes compliment

Question 17

which Ig class has/have a J chain?

IgM
IgE and D
IgM and surface IgA
IgG3 and IgA

Answer 17

both IgM and Surface IgA have J chains

Question 18

which ig appears first in the primary immune response?

IgG
IgM
IgA
IgE

Answer 18

IgM

Question 19

which immunoglobulin appears in the highest titer in the secondary response?

IgG
IgM
IgA
IgE

Answer 19

IgG high titer characterizes the secondary response

Question 20

which Ig can cross the placenta?

IgG
IgM
IgA
IgE

Answer 20

IgG is the only class that can cross the placenta

Question 21

Which Ig crosslinks mast cells to release histamine?

IgG
IgM
IgA
IgE

Answer 21

IgE (ellergies) cross links with basophils and mast cells and releases histamine

Question 22

all of the following are functions of Igs EXCEPT?

neutralizing toxic substances
facilitating phagocytosis through opsonization
interacting with Tc cells to lyse viruses
combining with compliment to destroy cellular antigens

Answer 22

C, interacting with Tc cells to lyse viruses

Question 23

which of the following cell surface molecules is classified as an MHC class II antigen?

HLA A
HLA B
HLA C
HLA DR

Answer 23

HLA DR are expressed on B cells

Question 24

which MHC class of molecule is necessary for antigen recognition by CD4 positive T cells?

Class I
Class II
Class III
No MHC molcule is necessary for antigen recognition

Answer 24

Class II, helper T cells (CD4)

Question 25

Which of the following are products of HLA class III genes?

T cell immune receptors
HLA D antigens on immune cells
compliment proteins C2, C4 and factor B
Ig Vl regions

Answer 25

compliment proteins C2,C4 and factor B

Question 26

What molecule on the surface of most t cells recognizes antigen?

IgT a four chain molecule that includes tau heavy chain

MHC protein a two chain molecule encoded by HLA region

CD3 consisiting of six different chains

T cell receptors consisting of two chains, alpha and beta

Answer 26

D TCR alpha and beta chains

Question 27

TcR is similar to Ig molecules in that it:

remains bound to the cell surface and is never secreted
contains V and C reagions on each of its chains
binds compliment
cab cross the placenta and provide protection to the fetus

Answer 27

B, contains V and C regions on each of its chains

Question 28

toll like receptors (TLR) are found on which cells?

t cells
dendritic cells
b cells
large granular lymphs

Answer 28

Dendritic cells or APC’s

Question 29

macrophages produce which of the following proteins during antigen processing?

IL-1 and IL-6
y-interferon
IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10
compliment components C1/C3

Answer 29

A, IL-1 and IL-6 proinflammatory produced cytokines

Question 30

a superantigen, such as TSS toxin I, bypasses the normal antigen processing stage by binding to and cross linking:

a portion of an Ig molecule and compliment component C1
TLR and MHC class I molecule
a portion of Ig and a portion of TcR
a portion of TcR and MHC class II molecule

Answer 30

D, a portio of TcR and MHC class II molecule

Question 31

T regulator cells, responsible for controlling autoimmune antibody production, express which of the following phenotypes?

CD3, CD4, CD8
CD3, CD8, CD25
CD3,CD4, CD25
CD8, CD25, CD56

Answer 31

CD3,CD4,CD25

CD25 is IL-1 receptor