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Clin Lab II > Immunology and Serology > Flashcards

Immunology and Serology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the body’s mechanisms that discriminate between self and nonself as well as eliminate non-self components such as infectious agents

A

Immunology

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2
Q

2 main categories of immunology

A

innate and acquired

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3
Q

Non-specific immune system

A

Innate

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4
Q

Specific immune system

A

Acquired

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5
Q

AKA passive immunity
Reacts quickly, but has no memory
Born with this immunity

A

Innate

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6
Q

Foreign substance produced by a pathogen

A

Antigen

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7
Q

A microorganism that can cause disease

Parasites, viruses, bacteria, etc

A

Pathogen

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8
Q

Anatomical barriers, inflammation, and resident flora are examples of

A

Innate immunity

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9
Q

What is the function of resident flora?

A

Prevents colonization of new microorganisms through microbial antagonism

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10
Q

Increase blood flow to a specific area which moves WBCs to affected area

A

Inflammation

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11
Q

Cellular components of innate defenses

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Macrophages
  3. Natural Killer and Lymphokine Killer Cells
  4. Eosinophils
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12
Q

Travel through the bloodstream and permeates the blood vessel at the site of inflammation to fight infections

A

Neutrophils

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13
Q

Kill viruses

A

Natural killers

AKA NK cells

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14
Q

Kill tumors

A

Lymphokine killers

aka LAK cells

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15
Q

Kill parasites

A

Eosinophils

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16
Q

Recognizes pathogens (has memory)
Able to tell the difference between ‘foreign’ and ‘self’ cells
MUST have previous exposure to an antigen

A

Acquired Immunity

AKA adaptive immunity

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17
Q

2 types of acquired immunity

A

Humoral and cell mediated

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18
Q

Immunity within fluids
Can be active or passive
AKA antibody-mediated immune response

A

Humoral

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19
Q

Body produces an antibody after exposure to a foreign antigen artificially or naturally

A

Active Humoral immunity

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20
Q

Passage of an antibody from one animal to another

Ex: colostrum

A

Passive humoral

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21
Q

Generated by the immune system in response to an antigen to defend an animal against a variety of microbes like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa
Consists of 2 polypeptide chairs configured in a Y shape

A

Antibodies

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22
Q

Antibodies are AKA

A

immunoglobulins

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23
Q

Imminuglobulins are

A

proteins

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24
Q

Antibodies are produced by

A

B Cells

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25
Q

5 Classes of antibodies

A
  1. IgG
  2. IgA
  3. IgM
  4. IgD
  5. IgE
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26
Q 
First antibody to respond to an antigen
Largest antibody
Only in serum
Clumps microorganisms to help with cell lysis
Activates the compliment system
A

IgM

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27
Q 
Most abundant antibody
Found in serum and colostrum
Activates compliment system
Stimulates phagocytic cells
Increases as IgM increases
A

IgG

28
Q

Least common antibody
Binds to basophils and mast cells
Involved in allergic and parasitic infections by activating histamine secretion to boost inflammation

A

IgE

29
Q

Second most common antibody

Involved in a great deal of bodily secretions

A

IgA

30
Q

4th most common antibody
Low numbers in serum
Activate and suppress lymphocyte activity
Found in abundance on the surface of B cells

A

IgD

31
Q

The T cells produce ___________ to stimulate B cells

A

cytokines

32
Q

B Cells need what kind of cells to activate

A

Helper T cells

33
Q

After stimulation, B cells produce

A

clones and plasma cells

34
Q

Recognizes pathogens quickly and allow the body to remember subsequent infections by a specific pathogen

A

Memory B Cells

35
Q

Attaches to free floating pathogens and secrete large numbers of antigen-specific antibodies

A

Plasma cells

AKA effector cells

36
Q

Involves T cells and phagocytes
Elimination of antigens
involves MHCs, APCs, and cytokines

A

Cell Mediated Immune System

37
Q

Major histocompatibility complex; proteins on cell surfaces

A

MHC

38
Q

on all cells of the body (somatic cells)

A

MHC I

39
Q

Only on macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells

A

MHC II

40
Q

Released by Helper T cells

Chemicals secreted by cells that cause localized or widespread response in the body

A

Cytokines

41
Q

2 types of APC’s

A

Macrophages and dendritic cells

42
Q

3 types of T cells

A
  1. Killer T Cells
  2. Helper T Cells
  3. Suppressor T cells
43
Q

Killer T Cells are AKA

A

CD8s

44
Q

Helper T cells are AKA

A

CD4s

45
Q

Go out and kill foreign bodies directly

A

Killer T (CD8)

46
Q

Stimulate B cells

A

Helper T (CD4)

47
Q

Slow and halt production of B and T cells

Example: allergies

A

Suppressor T

48
Q

Active immunity is acquired 2 ways

A

Vaccine or get the dz and develop antibodies

49
Q

Colostrum is a form of

A

Passive immunity

50
Q

Allergies and anaphylactic shock are examples of

A

Hypersensitivity reactions

51
Q

IMHA

A

Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia

52
Q

A branch of science dealing with the measurement and characteristics of antibodies and other immunological substances in body fluids

A

Serology

53
Q

Diseased animals that test positive

A

Sensitivity

54
Q

Healthy animals that test negative

A

Specificity

55
Q

When a test incorrectly gives a positive report

A

False positive

56
Q

When a test incorrectly gives a negative report

A

False negative

57
Q

Concentration of antibodies circulating in the blood

A

Titer

58
Q

Tests for specific antibodies and antigens
Most common serology test
Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay

A

ELISA

59
Q

Competitive enzyme linked immunosorbant assay
Intensity of the color of the result measures the strength of antigen-antibody binding
Used for EIA (equine infectiours anemia)

A

CELISA

60
Q

Sample is mixed with latex beads that are coated with an antibody or antigen
If positive, beads will clump together

A

Latex Agglutination

61
Q

Rapid immunoglobulin or lateral flow immunoassay

Collidal gold is conjugated to antibodies specific for the antigen being tested

A

RIM

62
Q

Commonly used test for the existence of an antibody-antigen reaction
Diffusion of known antibodies and suspected antigens through agar and the identification of a zone of precipitation
If no band forms, no antibody exists in patients serum
Used to diagnose Johnnes dz in cattle and EIA**GOLD STANDARD**

A

Immunodiffusion

63
Q

Done on a sample of RBCs from the body to detect antibodies that are already attached to RBCs

A

Direct Coomb’s test

64
Q

Done on a sample of serum to detect antibodies that are present in the bloodstream and could bind to RBCs

A

Indirect Coombs test

65
Q

This test is used to detect IMHA

A

Coombs

66
Q

Used to diagnose various allergies to allergens (NOT food allergies)

A

Intradermal

67
Q

Intradermal test of cattle for bovine tuberculosis
Given in the caudal tail fold
If swelling occurs within 48-72 hrs. it is positive

A

Tuberculine Skin test

Clin Lab II (5 decks)

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