Automated Blood Testing Flashcards
Used to assist and confirm diagnosis
Automated blood testing
The VetScan, iSTAT, and VetLab Station are all examples of
Automated Blood Machines
Yields information pertaining to hematology, blood chemistry, electrolytes, and immunoassay
In-House Blood Analyzers
User friendly touch screen that is the “brain” of the entire in-house testing lab
IDEXX VetLab Station
This machine provides access to historical results, prints all results on one paper, and traces perameter trending
VetLab Station
A whole blood machine used for CBCs, RDW-RBC distribution width, size and shape
Uses whole blood in an EDTA tube
Needs only 0.5mL to test
8 minutes
Lasercyte Hematology Analyzer
Uses laser flow cytometry by which it evaluates cells through light and lasers that are coming from different angles
Determines cell types based on lobularity, nucleus:cytoplasm ratio, cellular volume, cellular density, and granularity
Lasercyte
Upgrade from the Lasercyte that takes 2 minutes to analyze blood samples
Can be used with a wider variety of species
Procyte Dx Hematology Analyzer
May be used in place of Lasercyte or Procyte
Takes longer to prep sample and is less accurate
QBC VetAutoread Hematology Analyzer
Blood machines can’t detect these, so it is imperative to identify them under a microscope
parasites and other abnormalities
This tests organ functions by way of serum, plasma, or sometimes urine
Requires specialized dry slides
Can run 26 different tests, 12 tests at a time
VetTest Chemistry Analyzer
Vet Test Slide layers (6)
- Sample
- Spreading
- Filter
- Reagent
- Indicator
- Support
On the VetTest, it provides _____ ______ to indicate when to perform each step
audio beeps
This part of the VetTest dispenses 10 uL into each slide
Pipette
In the VetTest, once the sample is dropped onto a slide, there is a biochemical reaction that takes place. The machine then measures the ______ change on the slide
color
Come in green and purple boxes
Must be used within 15 minutes once removed from the foil packaging
Should be stored in the freezer
Reagent slides
The VetTest doesn’t like samples that are
hemolyzed, icterus, or lipemic
Upgrade from the VetTest
Can run multiple samples at once
Still uses slides and can run 29 tests
No pipette
Catalyst Dx Chemistry Analyzer
To collect a serum sample, you should use these colored tubes so the blood clots
Red or red/grey (tiger top)
This type of tube should be used to collect a plasma sample
Lithium-heparin
These two tests should be performed for kidney function and should ALWAYS be tested together
BUN and CREA
Excreted by the kidney as a byproduct of protein metabolism
Urea Nitrogen
Wastes in blood
azotemia
Byproduct of muscle metabolism
Creatinine
An increase in creatinine can be a result of
CHF or renal failure
Organ that detoxifies blood and metabolizes hemoglobin
Regenerative capabilites
Liver
How much of the liver must lose function before you see clinical signs?
80%
Liver tests
SGPT, SGOT, TBIL, and ALB
Liver specific
Enzyme produced by hepatocytes
If the liver is diseased it will produce excess of this
SGPT (ALT)
Should be run with SGPT to single out liver problems
If both are elevated it could indicate severe liver dz
SGOT (AST)
The byproduct of hemoglobin metabolization that’s excreted in stool
Increases with liver dz, hepatic lipidosis, IMHA, hyperthyroidism, or pancreatitis
Sensitive to light
Bilirubin
Most abundant protein in blood
Major role in osmotic pressure regulation
Binding and transporting proteins made by hepatocytes
Albumin
A decrease in Albumin could mean
heartworm dz, ehrlichia, or chronic liver dz
An increase in albumin could mean
dehydration
3 Pancreatic function tests
AMYL, LIPA, GLU
Breaks down starches and glycogen in sugars
This test should be run with lipase tests
Amylase
An increase in amylase could mean
acute or chronic pancreatitis, renal failure, peritonitis
Assists in the breaking down of fatty acids
Should be run with amylase
Lipase
An increase in lipase could indicate
Pancreatitis and liver and kidney dz
Mainly from hepatocytes but is also found in cells of the ovaries, testes, and intestinal epithelium
Cholesterol
Increased cholesterol levels can mean
hypothyroidism or Cushing’s dz
Mainly used to determine hydration of a patient
Can also use a refractometer
Total Protein
Increased TP means the
patient is dehydrated
Decreased TP means the
patient is over hydrated
Essential mineral for the body
Helps evaluate the diet and renal dz
Phosphorus
Essential mineral for the body
Aids bones, teeth, muscle contraction, and nerve impulses
Calcium
Used to monitor electrolytes
Uses whole blood, serum, or plasma
Results in 35 seconds
VETLYTE ELECTROLYTE ANALYZER
Sodium and Potassium are what type of charge?
Cation (positive charge)
Chloride is what type of charge?
Anion (negative charge)
Performs a PTT and PT coagulation test
Uses fresh or citrated whole blood
Test abnormalities in extrinsic, intrinsic and common pathways
Coag DX ANALYZER
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
test intrinsic
clotting disorders
PT
prothrombin time
test extrinsic
ability to clot
Tests for many diseases in minutes
Multiple-patient testing
Snap tests
SNAPSHOT DX ANALYZER
Blood gas measurements that are used to evaluate oxygenation and acid/base status
CS of imbalance includes shortness of breath and difficulty breathing
Uses arterial blood
VETSTAT ELECTROLYTE & BLOOD GAS ANALYZER
Use _______ Ca for testing; which means free floating in the blood
ionized
Regulates the transport of O2 from the tissues to the lungs AND plays an important role in acid-base balance(regulating pH)
Bicarbonate
Indicates skeletal or cardiac muscle damage
Very sensitive
Also ran on VET TEST machine
Creatine Kinase (Miscellaneous Tests)
