immunology - anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
what are the primary lymphoid tissues
A
- thymus
- bone marrow
where leukocytes develop
2
Q
what are the secondary lymphoid tissue
A
where T cells are B cells mature (become activated by antigen)
- Peyers patch
- Spleen
- Large intestine
- lymph node
- Adenoid
- tonsil
adaptive immune response occurs here
3
Q
where can mature antigen specific T and B cells travell
A
the constantly recirculate between the blood and secondary lymphoid tissue
4
Q
where are mature dendritic cells, pathogens, antigens and debris found
A
are trapped in secondary lymphoid tissue
5
Q
what are features of the innate immune system
A
- Rapid
- Generic response
- Acute inflammation, macrophages, mast cells, NK cells, neutrophils and compliment
- communication between NK cells and macrophages enhance pathogen killing during innate immune responses
3 phases
- recognition phase- pathogens express PAMPs and innate immune cells produce PRRs on their cells surface
- activation phase
- effector phase
6
Q
what are features of the adaptive immune response
A
- slow
- unique
- mediated by T/B cells
- responsible for generating immunological memory
- B cells, antibodies, T cells
7
Q
what is direct contact in adaptive immune system
A
Receptor:ligand interactions
- PAMP:PRR
- Peptide/MHC:TCR
MHC class 2 = CD4
MHC class 1 = CD8
8
Q
what is indirect contact in adaptive immune system
A
production and secretion of cytokines
- interleukins
- interferons (a,b,g) - specific to viral
- virally infected cells produce interferons and they can do one of 3 things
1. signal neighbouring uninfected cells to destroy RNA and reduce protein synthesis
2. signals neighbouring infected cells to undergo apoptosis.
3. Activates immune cells - NK cells
9
Q
what is phagocytosis
A
- Receptor binding to signals on apoptotic cell – forming phagocytic cup
- Cup extends around target and pinches – forms phagosome
- Fuses with lysosomes to form phagolysosome – degradation of contents
- Debris is released into ECF
- Once phagocytosed – production of inflammatory mediators – pro-inflammatory mediators released
