Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SIU SOM: CRR > immunology > Flashcards

immunology Flashcards

1
Q

list the PMNs (polymorphonuclear leukocytes)

A

neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

list the 3 key functional features of the immune system

A

discrimination: self vs nonself
memory
specificity: discern between different foreign antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

innate vs adaptive cells and discrimination

result of ineffective discrimination?

A

innate system: discrimination is germline encoded, they are created already able to discriminate between self and nonself
adaptive: learn discrimination early in maturation
if body can no longer discriminate this is called autoimmunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

neutrophil mechanism of phagocytosis

A

PRR (pattern recognition receptor) identify PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns), nutrophils express receptors for many bacterial and fungal constituents (LPS receptor, mannose receptor, N-formyl-Met receptor, CR3, scavenger receptor, glycan receptor, CR4 receptor). the neutrophils bind bacteria, engulf them and destroy them with the toxic contents of the neutrophil granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TLR1 antigen

A

Lipopeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TLR2 antigen

A

gram positive (peptidoglycan), lipoteichoic acid, glycolipids, zymosan (fungi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

TLR3 antigen

A

double stranded viral RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TLR4 antigen

A

LPS, gram negative, heme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TLR5 antigen

A

flagellated bacteria (flagellin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TLR7 and TLR8 antigen

A

single stranded viral RNAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TLR9 antigen

A

unmethylated CpG-rich DNA (bacteria, virus DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mecahnism of TLR activation

A

TLR activation –> IFN-alpha and IFN-beta release–> induce resitance to viral replication in all cells, increased expression of ligands for receptors on NK cells, activate NK cells to kill virus-infected cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TNF-alpha function

A

activates macrophages, increase vascular permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

interferons function

A

block spread of viruses to uninfected cells, increase MHC class I, activates NK cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

endogenous pyrogens

A

increase the thermoregulatory set point in hypothalamus

IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PNM vs Mononuclear cells in inflammation

A

PMN: immediate responders, actively phagocytic, short lived (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils)
mononuclear cells: include monocytes and macrophages, remove tissue debris including PMN after they die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lifespan of sickle cells

A

20 days or less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

complement is part of which branch of the immune system? adaptive or innate?

A

innate

19
Q

define infection

A

inflammatory process caused by disease-producing organisms

20
Q

define pathogenic organism

A

capable of producing disease

21
Q

define virulence

A

measure of severity of disease

22
Q

how do antigens become concentrated in lymph nodes

A

migration of activated antigen presenting cells (APCs)

lymph drainage carries antigen to LN

23
Q

primary lymphoid organs

A

bone marrow and thymus

24
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

A

spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer’s patches, appendix, GALT, MALT

25
Q

where does lymphatic system empty

A

superior vena cava

26
Q

immunoglobulins

A

(Ig’s)
expressed on B cells
Ig receptor is on the BCR which binds antigens
antibodies are immunoglobulins and are secreted by b cells

27
Q

structure of antibody (chains and regions)

A

heavy chain and light chain
each have a variable region: antigen binding domains “Fab” that are specific to the Ig
each also has a constant region: define the Ig isotype “Fc”

28
Q

when, where, and how do antigen-binding sites become so variable

A

when developing in the bone marrow, Bcell’s immunoglobulin genes are rearranged; this step is essential for Bcell development

29
Q

IgA function

A

mucosal immunity, neonatal passive

30
Q

IgD function

A

receptor- naive Bcells

31
Q

IgE function

A

immediate hypersensitivity

parasite immunity

32
Q

IgG function

A

opsonization, ADCC, neutralization, Complement activation,

33
Q

IgM function

A

receptor- naive B cells

complement activation

34
Q

list effector functions of antibodies

A

neutralization: blocks antigen ability of binding to cell surface receptors and being endocytoced
opsonization: coating antigen, increaseing efficiency of phagocytosis via Fc receptors on phagocytic cells

antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity: increaseefficiency of NK cell-mediated lysis of target cell and IgE mediated helmenth destruction by eosinophils

complement activation

35
Q

where does complement take place

A

ECF

36
Q

3 outcomes of complement

A

recruitment of inflammatory cells: C3a, C5a

opsonization of pathogens: C3b binds to complement receptors on phagocytes –> opsonization of pathogen, removes immune complexes

killing pathogens: terminal complement components (C5b, C6-9) created membrane attack complex which lyses the pathogens and cells

37
Q

describe immune complex clearance via C3b

A

C3b binds immune complexes in circulation, CR1 receptors on erythrocytes binds the immune complexes via the C3b, spleen and liver remove complexes from the erythrocyte surface

38
Q

how can immune complex clearance become abnormal

A

complexes can evade phagocytiv cells due to differences in size, shape, charge, hemodynamic factors

phagocytic cells are unable to clear bc of overwhelming numbers or dysfunctional mononuclear phagocytic system

39
Q

where do immune complexes most often get deposited

A

filtration sites

40
Q

steps in immune complex disease

A
  1. complex build up and deposition
  2. complement fixation
  3. recruit inflammatory cells
  4. vascular permeability
  5. tissue damage
  6. inflammation
41
Q

what deposits are found in acute glomerulonephritis

A

granular deposits of IgG and C3b on the GBM

42
Q

what is at abnormally low levels in acute glomerulonephritis

A

C3, C1

43
Q

what causes the decreased GFR in acute glomerulonephritis

A

proliferation of cells within the glomeruli, extracellular matrix and GBM are thickened

SIU SOM: CRR (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions