Immunology Flashcards
what is involved in the normal antigen processing in the colon?
epithelial layer
mucous layer
innate immune responses
antigen presenting cells
tolerence vs action of adaptive immune response
soluble mediators of immunity - cytokines and chemokines
what type of cells are involved in the innate immune system?
macrophages
monocytes
neutrophils
dendritic cells
what cells are involved in the adaptive immune system?
b cells
t cells
what is main function of cytokines?
determines the differentiation of T cells into either Th1, Th2 or Treg etc
what are chemokines and cytokines termed as?
soluble mediators of immune response
name a cytokine/chemokine which is anti inflammatory and one which is pro inflammatory.
interleukin 10 = anti inflammatory
TNF = pro-flammatory
what are payers patches?
specialised areas of lymphoid aggregation in the gut
what cell secretes cytokines?
macrophages
different dendritic cell subsets are distinguished by what?
cell markers
what are the 3 signals which determine the T cell response?
MHC/peptide-TCR
CD80-CD28
Cytokines
what are the T helper cells?
Th1, Th2 and Th17
what are the T regulatory cells?
Th3, Tr1 and Treg
in IBD, how does pathogenic bacteria enter the gut?
in IBD, the mucosal layer loses mucous therefore the bacteria is able to adhere close to the cell surface
the junctions between the cells also become leaky
what is involved in the production of the mucous barrier/ mucous tolerence?
IgA and B cells
what is the importance of colonic microbiota?
body temp regulation. reproduction and tissue growth all energy depend process which may rely on gut microbial energy
drug metabolism
event pathogenic bacteria from colonising
what influences the diversity and function of the gut microbiota?
extrinsic factors - antibiotic use, diet, stress, disease
mammalian host genome
what type of drugs are used to treat moderate/severe IBD?
anti-TNF drugs
what treatment is used in IBD infection?
faecal microbial transport FMT
where in the gut does coeliac disease occur?
small bowel
what is the ‘barcode’ which allows immune cells to identify self and non-self antigens?
HLA - human leukocyte antigen
how does coeliac disease cause infection?
epithelial cells make cytokines in response to gluten
it is then delivered to the T cells which respond by producing inflammation
what changes in the mucosa occur in coeliac disease?
loss of villi - loss of absorptive capacity
increase in intra-epithelial lymphocytes
