Immunology Flashcards
Which is highly specific - innate or adaptive immunity?
Adaptive
Which is first to come into play - innate or adaptive immunity?
Innate
Which has ‘immunological memory’ - innate or adaptive immunity?
Adaptive
Which immune system exists from birth - innate or adaptive immunity?
Innate
Name 2 ‘professional phagocytes’ (cells whose main function is phagocytosis)
Monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils etc
When the Mø encounters the bacterium it engulfs it. First it takes it into a small vesicle - what is this vesicle called?
Phagosome
Mø are very untidy eaters and they frequently ‘burp’ some of their food back out into the extracellular spaces. What is an advantage of this?
The debris can signal to other immune cells that there is an invasion under way and that help is needed.
Where do macrophages come from?
Monocytes are made in bone marrow from stem cells, which then enter the bloodstream, then migrate into tissues where they mature into macrophages.
If you were to get a splinter in your foot, the area around it would become very red. Why does this happen?
When macrophages are activated they begin to give off chemical signals. Some of these chemicals constrict the blood flow leading away from the injury site and it is this build up of blood that causes the redness.
Which is the most abundant white blood cell?
Neutrophils
What does APC stand for?
Antigen Presenting Cell
Can neutrophils present pathogenic antigens?
No, they just eat stuff
Where are neutrophils usually found?
Bloodstream - during the acute phase of inflammation they migrate towards the site of inflammation via the blood vessels.
Which immune cells are best for parasites?
Eosinophils
What are the three functions of the lymphatic system?
Removal of interstitial fluid from tissues
Absorption and transport of fatty acids and fats
Immunity
