Immunology Flashcards
Cells that are in the innate immune system
Mast cells, macrophages, NK cells, Neutrophils, Complement
With regards to immune deficiency, what does SPUR refer to?
S - serious infectionsP - Persistent infectionsU - Unusual infectionsR - Recurrent Infections
Features that may indicate a primary immune deficiency (6)
Weight loss/Failure to thriveSevere skin rashesChronic diarrhoeaMouth UlcerationUnusual Autoimmune DiseaseFamily History
The main difference between primary and secondary immune deficiencies is…
that primary only tends to involve one component of the immune system, secondary tends to involve multiple
Examples of Secondary Immune Deficiencies
HIV, Malignancy, nutrition disorder, infection, treatment interventions
Cells in the Innate Immune system (4)
MacrophagesNeutrophilsMast cellsNK cells
Phagocytes of the innate immune system (2)
Macrophagesneutrophils
Proteins of the innate immune system (3)
ComplementCytokinesAcute Phase Proteins
What does the innate immune system stimulate?
Rapid clearance of micro-organismsAcquired Immune response
What does the innate immune system recognise in infectious organisms?
PAMPs
Cells of Acquired Immune Response (2)
B LymphocytesT lymphocytes
Proteins of acquired immune response (1)
Antibodies
Which immune system is NOT genetically encoded?
Acquired
Functions of Phagocytes (5)
Initiation and amplification of inflammatory responseScavenging of cellular and infectious debrisIngest and kill micro-organismsResolution and repairProduce inflammatory molecules regulating immune system
TRUE OR FALSE - phagocytes are particularly important in the defence against viruses and bacteria
FALSE - they are important in the defence against bacteria and fungi
In phagocyte deficiencies it is not uncommon to see the following infections…
Common - staph. aureusUnusual - burkholderia cepaciaMycobacteriaFungi - candida, aspergillus
TRUE OR FALSE - phagocytes are important in reducing the numbers of infections as can be seen in stem cell transplant recipients
TRUE
Reticular Dysgenesis is characterised by an absence of _____ and other myeloid cells with almost complete deficiency of _______ in peripheral blood.
neutrophils, lymphocytes
In reticular dysgenesis, a lack of both innate and adaptive immune response is due to a failure of ______ ______ differentiating along a ______ lineage
stem cells, myeloid
Kostmann syndrome is a rare autosomal ______ disorder
recessive
Kostmann syndrome is a severe, chronic _____ where normal levels of ______ are >3000µL and in sufferers is <200µL
neutropenia, neutrophils
G-CSF is
granulocyte colony stimulating factor which assist the maturation of neutrophils
In a condition where issues arise in the ability to bind endothelial adhesion markers, you may see…
increased levels of neutrophils with recurrent bacterial and fungal infections.There can be deep infections with no pus formation
Why does a loss of function of a receptor or antigen recognition marker not cause severe disease?
there is usually other receptors or antigens which can be picked up
