Immunology Flashcards
What is more severe, AIDS or SCID?
SCID
What is the hygiene hypothesis?
Not exposed to enough dirt (worms,bacteria…) growing up leads to immature immune system. It feels the need to attack something so it attacks self or foreign antigens.
How long does it take for the adaptive immune system to mount a specific response to a pathogen after initial exposure?
About a week
What receptor recognises LPS?
Toll Like Receptor 4
What is the cause of SCID (Severe Combined ImmunoDeficiency)?
SCID is a genetic disease caused by a defective common gamma chain.
It results in NO cellular immunity.
What do PRRs recognise?
DAMPS, and PAMPS- conserved features of pathogens that they cannot survive without.
Name the four components of innate immunity and one example of each.
Barrier tissues: mucosa
Soluble factors: complement
Cell-associated factors: cytokines/mediators
Cells: granulocytes.
How can the immune system recognise herpes simplex virus infection?
By the presence of DNA in the cytoplasm- which is usually free of DNA.
What stops the immune system from attacking the foetus in utero?
The placenta acts as an interface between them to exchange O2 without blood going into the foetus.
Name a symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Butterfly rash
What does a phagolysosome contain to kill pathogens?
Low pH and lyric enzymes.
Can antibodies act independent of B cells?
Yes
What is the difference between a B cell receptor and an antibody?
Nothing
How many T cells are killed once infection is cleared?
97%
How do T reg cells inhibit the function of other cells (immune regulation)?
Can be done by contact inhibition or production of cytokines.
IL-10, TGF- beta
