Immunology

Question 1

increase rapidly by at least 25% due to infection, injury, or coma.

Answer 1

Acute phase reactant

Question 2

1st line of defense that keep foreign substances from entering the body

Answer 2

External defense system

Question 3

Exact antibody binding site

Answer 3

Paratope

Question 5

Normal serum proteins that increase rapidly as a result of infection, injury, or trauma to the tissues.

Answer 5

Acute phase reactants

Question 6

Movement without chemotaxis

Answer 6

Random movement

Question 7

Programmed cell death

Answer 7

Apoptosis

Question 8

Ability of the individual to resist infection by means of normally present body functions

Answer 8

Natural immunity

Question 11

A substance administered with an immunogen that enhances and potentiates the immune response.

Answer 11

Adjuvant

Question 12

Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen

Answer 12

Anti-HBc

Question 13

Tissue transferred from an individual of one species into another individual of the same species.

Answer 13

Allograft

Question 14

Serum factors in the blood formed in response to foreign substance exposure

Answer 14

Antibodies

Question 16

A life-threatening response to an allergen characterized by the systemic release of histamine.

Answer 16

Anaphylaxis

Question 17

The ability of a test to actually measure what it claims to measure.

Answer 17

Accuracy

Question 18

The initial force of attraction that exists between a Fab site on an antibody and one epitope or a determinant site on the corresponding antigen.

Answer 18

Affinity

Question 20

A theory postulated to explain the specificity of antibody formation, based on the premise that each lymphocyte is genetically programmed to produce a specific type of antibody and is selected by contact with antigen.

Answer 20

Clonal selection theory

Question 21

Host response to foreign agents that depends on T and B lymphocytes and is characterized by specificity, memory, and recognition of self versus nonself.

Answer 21

Adaptive immune response

Question 22

An enzyme immunoassay using two antibodies: The first binds the antigen to solid phase, and the second contains the enzyme label and acts as an indicator.

Answer 22

Capture assay

Question 23

The strength with which a multivalent antibody binds a multivalent antigen.

Answer 23

Avidity

Question 24

Antigenic features of leukocytes that are identified by groups of monoclonal antibody expressing common or overlapping activity.

Answer 24

Clusters determinant

Question 25

A condition in which damage to body organs results from the presence of autoantibodies or autoreactive cells.

Answer 25

Autoimmune disease

Question 26

A phenomenon that occurs in complement activation when C3b becomes deposited on host cells, making them a target for destruction by phagocytic cells.

Answer 26

Bystander lysis

Question 27

The migration of cells in the direction of a chemical messenger.

Answer 27

Chemotaxis

Question 28

The process by which particulate antigens such as cells aggregate to form large complexes when specific antibody is present.

Answer 28

Agglutination

Question 29

Tissues removed from one area of an individual’s body and reintroduced in another area in the same individual.

Answer 29

Autograft

Question 30

Macromolecules that are capable of eliciting formation of immunoglobulins (antibodies) or sensitized cells in an immunocompetent host.

Answer 30

Antigen

Question 31

One that belongs to the host and is not capable of eliciting an immune response under normal circumstances.

Answer 31

Autoantigen

Question 32

An inherited tendency to respond to naturally occurring allergens; it results in the continual production of IgE.

Answer 32

Atopy

Question 33

A test for the diagnosis of poststreptococcal sequelae, based on the neutralization of streptolysin 0 by antistreptolysin 0 found in patient serum.

Answer 33

ASO titer

Question 34

The largest tissue in the body, located in the long bones. Its role is the generation of hematopoietic cells.

Answer 34

Bone marrow

Question 35

:Proteins coded for by the DR, DP, and DQ loci of the major histocompatibility complex. They are found on B cells, macrophages, activated T cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and endothelium.

Answer 35

Class II MHC (HLA) molecules

Question 36

A secondary lymphoid organ that is located along a lymphatic duct and whose purpose is to filter lymphatic fluid from the tissues and act as a site for processing of foreign antigen.

Answer 36

Lymph node

Question 37

A trait inherited in either an X-linked or autosomal recessive fashion that results in a defect in the microbicidal function of neutrophils.

Answer 37

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)

Question 38

The phenomenon in which exposure to one infectious agent produces protection against another agent.

Answer 38

Cross-immunity

Question 39

A trace constituent of serum that increases rapidly following infection or trauma to the body and acts as an opsonin to enhance phagocytosis.

Answer 39

C-reactive protein

Question 40

An antigen that is found in another member of the host’s species and that is capable of eliciting an immune response in the host.

Answer 40

Alloantigen

Question 41

Any substance that is capable of inducing an immune response.

Answer 41

Immunogen

Question 42

Most potent phagocyte

Answer 42

Dendritic cell

Question 43

Cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 43

``` Rubor - redness Tumor - swelling Calor - heat Dolor - pain Functio laesa - loss of function ```

Question 44

Cellular and humor mechanisms involved in the overall reaction of the body to injury or invasion by an infectious agent.

Answer 44

Inflammation

Question 45

Defense mechanism inside the body in which both cells and soluble factors play essential parts.

Answer 45

Internal defense system

Question 46

The transfer of tissue from an individual of one species to an individual of another species, such as animal tissue transplanted to a human.

Answer 46

Xenograft

Question 48

Filtering mechanism for antigens in the bloodstream

Answer 48

Spleen

Question 49

From the Greek word phagein,meaning “cell eating.” The engulfment of cells or particulate matter by leukocytes, macrophages, or other cells.

Answer 49

Phagocytosis

Question 50

:Proteins coded for by genes at three loci (A, B, C) in the major histocompatibility complex. They are expressed on all nucleated cells and are important to consider in the transplantation of tissues.

Answer 50

Class I MHC (HLA) molecules

Question 51

Proteins found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma. They are now recognized as monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains.

Answer 51

Bence Jones protein

Question 52

Lymphocytes that express the CD4 antigen. Their function is to provide help to B cells in recognizing foreign antigen and producing antibody to it.

Answer 52

T helper cells (Th):

Question 53

Immature lymphocyte, found in the thymus, that undergoes differentiation to become a mature T cell.

Answer 53

Thymocyte

Question 54

Chromosome code for kappa? Lambda?

Answer 54

2, 22

Question 55

Chemical messenger

Answer 55

Cytokines

Question 56

Filter fluid from the tissues

Answer 56

Lymph node

Question 57

Largest secondary lymphoid organ

Answer 57

Spleen

Question 58

All mature B cell exhibit what kind of antibody?

Answer 58

IgD

Question 59

Third type of lymphocytes

Answer 59

Natural killer cells

Question 60

Center for antigen-independent lymphopoiesis

Answer 60

Bone marrow

Question 61

Activated B cell exhibit what kind of identifying marker that is also the receptor of interleukin 2?

Answer 61

CD25

Question 62

First antibody produced in the B cell development

Answer 62

IgM

Question 63

A small, flat, bilobed organ found in the thorax of humans, which serves as the site for differentiation of T cells.

Answer 63

Thymus

Question 64

Lymphocyte responsible for humoral immunity or antibody production

Answer 64

B cells

Question 65

Serum proteins that attach to a foreign substance and enhance phagocytosis

Answer 65

Opsonin

Question 66

The process by which cells are capable of moving from the circulating blood to the tissues by squeezing through the wall of a blood vessel.

Answer 66

Diapedesis

Question 67

These antigens are expressed on trophoblast cells during the first trimester of pregnancy and are thought to help ensure tolerance for the fetus by protecting placental tissue from the action of NK cells.

Answer 67

G antigen

Question 68

Nonclassical class I antigen

Answer 68

E F G

Question 69

Nonclassical class II genes

Answer 69

DM DN DO

Question 70

Chain structure of MHC class I

Answer 70

Alpha and beta 2

Question 71

Genetic loci of Class 1

Answer 71

A, B, C

Question 72

Sheep redblood cell receptor

Answer 72

CD2

Question 73

Part of t cell antigen receptor complex

Answer 73

CD3

Question 74

Receptor of MHC class II and T helper cells

Answer 74

CD4

Question 75

Receptor of MHC class I, T suppressor aNd T cytotoxic cell

Answer 75

CD8

Question 76

Reagent used to separate lymphocyte

Answer 76

Ficolle

Question 77

Marker for lymphocytes

Answer 77

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

Question 78

Rearrangement of genes coding for heavy chain

Answer 78

Pro B cell

Question 79

What chromosome code for heavy chain

Answer 79

14

Question 80

Play a role in cell mediated immunity, producing sensitized lymphocytes that secretes cytokines

Answer 80

T cells

Question 81

Rearrangement of gene coding for light chain

Answer 81

Pee B cell

Question 83

A protein or other substance that acts as a chemical messenger to produce chemotaxis.

Answer 83

Chemotaxin

Question 84

Exact antigen binding site

Answer 84

Epitope