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Immunology And Serology > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

increase rapidly by at least 25% due to infection, injury, or coma.

A

Acute phase reactant

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2
Q

1st line of defense that keep foreign substances from entering the body

A

External defense system

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3
Q

Exact antibody binding site

A

Paratope

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5
Q

Normal serum proteins that increase rapidly as a result of infection, injury, or trauma to the tissues.

A

Acute phase reactants

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6
Q

Movement without chemotaxis

A

Random movement

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7
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

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8
Q

Ability of the individual to resist infection by means of normally present body functions

A

Natural immunity

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11
Q

A substance administered with an immunogen that enhances and potentiates the immune response.

A

Adjuvant

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12
Q

Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen

A

Anti-HBc

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13
Q

Tissue transferred from an individual of one species into another individual of the same species.

A

Allograft

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14
Q

Serum factors in the blood formed in response to foreign substance exposure

A

Antibodies

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16
Q

A life-threatening response to an allergen characterized by the systemic release of histamine.

A

Anaphylaxis

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17
Q

The ability of a test to actually measure what it claims to measure.

A

Accuracy

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18
Q

The initial force of attraction that exists between a Fab site on an antibody and one epitope or a determinant site on the corresponding antigen.

A

Affinity

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20
Q

A theory postulated to explain the specificity of antibody formation, based on the premise that each lymphocyte is genetically programmed to produce a specific type of antibody and is selected by contact with antigen.

A

Clonal selection theory

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21
Q

Host response to foreign agents that depends on T and B lymphocytes and is characterized by specificity, memory, and recognition of self versus nonself.

A

Adaptive immune response

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22
Q

An enzyme immunoassay using two antibodies: The first binds the antigen to solid phase, and the second contains the enzyme label and acts as an indicator.

A

Capture assay

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23
Q

The strength with which a multivalent antibody binds a multivalent antigen.

A

Avidity

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24
Q

Antigenic features of leukocytes that are identified by groups of monoclonal antibody expressing common or overlapping activity.

A

Clusters determinant

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25
Q

A condition in which damage to body organs results from the presence of autoantibodies or autoreactive cells.

A

Autoimmune disease

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26
Q

A phenomenon that occurs in complement activation when C3b becomes deposited on host cells, making them a target for destruction by phagocytic cells.

A

Bystander lysis

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27
Q

The migration of cells in the direction of a chemical messenger.

A

Chemotaxis

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28
Q

The process by which particulate antigens such as cells aggregate to form large complexes when specific antibody is present.

A

Agglutination

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29
Q

Tissues removed from one area of an individual’s body and reintroduced in another area in the same individual.

A

Autograft

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30
Q

Macromolecules that are capable of eliciting formation of immunoglobulins (antibodies) or sensitized cells in an immunocompetent host.

A

Antigen

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31
Q

One that belongs to the host and is not capable of eliciting an immune response under normal circumstances.

A

Autoantigen

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32
Q

An inherited tendency to respond to naturally occurring allergens; it results in the continual production of IgE.

A

Atopy

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33
Q

A test for the diagnosis of poststreptococcal sequelae, based on the neutralization of streptolysin 0 by antistreptolysin 0 found in patient serum.

A

ASO titer

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34
Q

The largest tissue in the body, located in the long bones. Its role is the generation of hematopoietic cells.

A

Bone marrow

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35
Q

:Proteins coded for by the DR, DP, and DQ loci of the major histocompatibility complex. They are found on B cells, macrophages, activated T cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and endothelium.

A

Class II MHC (HLA) molecules

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36
Q

A secondary lymphoid organ that is located along a lymphatic duct and whose purpose is to filter lymphatic fluid from the tissues and act as a site for processing of foreign antigen.

A

Lymph node

37
Q

A trait inherited in either an X-linked or autosomal recessive fashion that results in a defect in the microbicidal function of neutrophils.

A

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)

38
Q

The phenomenon in which exposure to one infectious agent produces protection against another agent.

A

Cross-immunity

39
Q

A trace constituent of serum that increases rapidly following infection or trauma to the body and acts as an opsonin to enhance phagocytosis.

A

C-reactive protein

40
Q

An antigen that is found in another member of the host’s species and that is capable of eliciting an immune response in the host.

A

Alloantigen

41
Q

Any substance that is capable of inducing an immune response.

A

Immunogen

42
Q

Most potent phagocyte

A

Dendritic cell

43
Q

Cardinal signs of inflammation

A 
Rubor - redness
Tumor - swelling
Calor - heat 
Dolor - pain
Functio laesa - loss of function
44
Q

Cellular and humor mechanisms involved in the overall reaction of the body to injury or invasion by an infectious agent.

A

Inflammation

45
Q

Defense mechanism inside the body in which both cells and soluble factors play essential parts.

A

Internal defense system

46
Q

The transfer of tissue from an individual of one species to an individual of another species, such as animal tissue transplanted to a human.

A

Xenograft

48
Q

Filtering mechanism for antigens in the bloodstream

A

Spleen

49
Q

From the Greek word phagein,meaning “cell eating.” The engulfment of cells or particulate matter by leukocytes, macrophages, or other cells.

A

Phagocytosis

50
Q

:Proteins coded for by genes at three loci (A, B, C) in the major histocompatibility complex. They are expressed on all nucleated cells and are important to consider in the transplantation of tissues.

A

Class I MHC (HLA) molecules

51
Q

Proteins found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma. They are now recognized as monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains.

A

Bence Jones protein

52
Q

Lymphocytes that express the CD4 antigen. Their function is to provide help to B cells in recognizing foreign antigen and producing antibody to it.

A

T helper cells (Th):

53
Q

Immature lymphocyte, found in the thymus, that undergoes differentiation to become a mature T cell.

A

Thymocyte

54
Q

Chromosome code for kappa? Lambda?

A

2, 22

55
Q

Chemical messenger

A

Cytokines

56
Q

Filter fluid from the tissues

A

Lymph node

57
Q

Largest secondary lymphoid organ

A

Spleen

58
Q

All mature B cell exhibit what kind of antibody?

A

IgD

59
Q

Third type of lymphocytes

A

Natural killer cells

60
Q

Center for antigen-independent lymphopoiesis

A

Bone marrow

61
Q

Activated B cell exhibit what kind of identifying marker that is also the receptor of interleukin 2?

A

CD25

62
Q

First antibody produced in the B cell development

A

IgM

63
Q

A small, flat, bilobed organ found in the thorax of humans, which serves as the site for differentiation of T cells.

A

Thymus

64
Q

Lymphocyte responsible for humoral immunity or antibody production

A

B cells

65
Q

Serum proteins that attach to a foreign substance and enhance phagocytosis

A

Opsonin

66
Q

The process by which cells are capable of moving from the circulating blood to the tissues by squeezing through the wall of a blood vessel.

A

Diapedesis

67
Q

These antigens are expressed on trophoblast cells during the first trimester of pregnancy and are thought to help ensure tolerance for the fetus by protecting placental tissue from the action of NK cells.

A

G antigen

68
Q

Nonclassical class I antigen

A

E F G

69
Q

Nonclassical class II genes

A

DM DN DO

70
Q

Chain structure of MHC class I

A

Alpha and beta 2

71
Q

Genetic loci of Class 1

A

A, B, C

72
Q

Sheep redblood cell receptor

A

CD2

73
Q

Part of t cell antigen receptor complex

A

CD3

74
Q

Receptor of MHC class II and T helper cells

A

CD4

75
Q

Receptor of MHC class I, T suppressor aNd T cytotoxic cell

A

CD8

76
Q

Reagent used to separate lymphocyte

A

Ficolle

77
Q

Marker for lymphocytes

A

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

78
Q

Rearrangement of genes coding for heavy chain

A

Pro B cell

79
Q

What chromosome code for heavy chain

A

14

80
Q

Play a role in cell mediated immunity, producing sensitized lymphocytes that secretes cytokines

A

T cells

81
Q

Rearrangement of gene coding for light chain

A

Pee B cell

83
Q

A protein or other substance that acts as a chemical messenger to produce chemotaxis.

A

Chemotaxin

84
Q

Exact antigen binding site

A

Epitope

Immunology And Serology (5 decks)

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