Immunology Flashcards
increase rapidly by at least 25% due to infection, injury, or coma.
Acute phase reactant
1st line of defense that keep foreign substances from entering the body
External defense system
Exact antibody binding site
Paratope
Normal serum proteins that increase rapidly as a result of infection, injury, or trauma to the tissues.
Acute phase reactants
Movement without chemotaxis
Random movement
Programmed cell death
Apoptosis
Ability of the individual to resist infection by means of normally present body functions
Natural immunity
A substance administered with an immunogen that enhances and potentiates the immune response.
Adjuvant
Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen
Anti-HBc
Tissue transferred from an individual of one species into another individual of the same species.
Allograft
Serum factors in the blood formed in response to foreign substance exposure
Antibodies
A life-threatening response to an allergen characterized by the systemic release of histamine.
Anaphylaxis
The ability of a test to actually measure what it claims to measure.
Accuracy
The initial force of attraction that exists between a Fab site on an antibody and one epitope or a determinant site on the corresponding antigen.
Affinity
A theory postulated to explain the specificity of antibody formation, based on the premise that each lymphocyte is genetically programmed to produce a specific type of antibody and is selected by contact with antigen.
Clonal selection theory
Host response to foreign agents that depends on T and B lymphocytes and is characterized by specificity, memory, and recognition of self versus nonself.
Adaptive immune response
An enzyme immunoassay using two antibodies: The first binds the antigen to solid phase, and the second contains the enzyme label and acts as an indicator.
Capture assay
The strength with which a multivalent antibody binds a multivalent antigen.
Avidity
Antigenic features of leukocytes that are identified by groups of monoclonal antibody expressing common or overlapping activity.
Clusters determinant
A condition in which damage to body organs results from the presence of autoantibodies or autoreactive cells.
Autoimmune disease
A phenomenon that occurs in complement activation when C3b becomes deposited on host cells, making them a target for destruction by phagocytic cells.
Bystander lysis
The migration of cells in the direction of a chemical messenger.
Chemotaxis
The process by which particulate antigens such as cells aggregate to form large complexes when specific antibody is present.
Agglutination
Tissues removed from one area of an individual’s body and reintroduced in another area in the same individual.
Autograft
Macromolecules that are capable of eliciting formation of immunoglobulins (antibodies) or sensitized cells in an immunocompetent host.
Antigen
One that belongs to the host and is not capable of eliciting an immune response under normal circumstances.
Autoantigen
An inherited tendency to respond to naturally occurring allergens; it results in the continual production of IgE.
Atopy
A test for the diagnosis of poststreptococcal sequelae, based on the neutralization of streptolysin 0 by antistreptolysin 0 found in patient serum.
ASO titer
The largest tissue in the body, located in the long bones. Its role is the generation of hematopoietic cells.
Bone marrow
:Proteins coded for by the DR, DP, and DQ loci of the major histocompatibility complex. They are found on B cells, macrophages, activated T cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and endothelium.
Class II MHC (HLA) molecules
A secondary lymphoid organ that is located along a lymphatic duct and whose purpose is to filter lymphatic fluid from the tissues and act as a site for processing of foreign antigen.
Lymph node
A trait inherited in either an X-linked or autosomal recessive fashion that results in a defect in the microbicidal function of neutrophils.
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
The phenomenon in which exposure to one infectious agent produces protection against another agent.
Cross-immunity
A trace constituent of serum that increases rapidly following infection or trauma to the body and acts as an opsonin to enhance phagocytosis.
C-reactive protein
An antigen that is found in another member of the host’s species and that is capable of eliciting an immune response in the host.
Alloantigen
Any substance that is capable of inducing an immune response.
Immunogen
Most potent phagocyte
Dendritic cell
Cardinal signs of inflammation
Rubor - redness Tumor - swelling Calor - heat Dolor - pain Functio laesa - loss of function
Cellular and humor mechanisms involved in the overall reaction of the body to injury or invasion by an infectious agent.
Inflammation
Defense mechanism inside the body in which both cells and soluble factors play essential parts.
Internal defense system
The transfer of tissue from an individual of one species to an individual of another species, such as animal tissue transplanted to a human.
Xenograft
Filtering mechanism for antigens in the bloodstream
Spleen
From the Greek word phagein,meaning “cell eating.” The engulfment of cells or particulate matter by leukocytes, macrophages, or other cells.
Phagocytosis
:Proteins coded for by genes at three loci (A, B, C) in the major histocompatibility complex. They are expressed on all nucleated cells and are important to consider in the transplantation of tissues.
Class I MHC (HLA) molecules
Proteins found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma. They are now recognized as monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains.
Bence Jones protein
Lymphocytes that express the CD4 antigen. Their function is to provide help to B cells in recognizing foreign antigen and producing antibody to it.
T helper cells (Th):
Immature lymphocyte, found in the thymus, that undergoes differentiation to become a mature T cell.
Thymocyte
Chromosome code for kappa? Lambda?
2, 22
Chemical messenger
Cytokines
Filter fluid from the tissues
Lymph node
Largest secondary lymphoid organ
Spleen
All mature B cell exhibit what kind of antibody?
IgD
Third type of lymphocytes
Natural killer cells
Center for antigen-independent lymphopoiesis
Bone marrow
Activated B cell exhibit what kind of identifying marker that is also the receptor of interleukin 2?
CD25
First antibody produced in the B cell development
IgM
A small, flat, bilobed organ found in the thorax of humans, which serves as the site for differentiation of T cells.
Thymus
Lymphocyte responsible for humoral immunity or antibody production
B cells
Serum proteins that attach to a foreign substance and enhance phagocytosis
Opsonin
The process by which cells are capable of moving from the circulating blood to the tissues by squeezing through the wall of a blood vessel.
Diapedesis
These antigens are expressed on trophoblast cells during the first trimester of pregnancy and are thought to help ensure tolerance for the fetus by protecting placental tissue from the action of NK cells.
G antigen
Nonclassical class I antigen
E F G
Nonclassical class II genes
DM DN DO
Chain structure of MHC class I
Alpha and beta 2
Genetic loci of Class 1
A, B, C
Sheep redblood cell receptor
CD2
Part of t cell antigen receptor complex
CD3
Receptor of MHC class II and T helper cells
CD4
Receptor of MHC class I, T suppressor aNd T cytotoxic cell
CD8
Reagent used to separate lymphocyte
Ficolle
Marker for lymphocytes
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
Rearrangement of genes coding for heavy chain
Pro B cell
What chromosome code for heavy chain
14
Play a role in cell mediated immunity, producing sensitized lymphocytes that secretes cytokines
T cells
Rearrangement of gene coding for light chain
Pee B cell
A protein or other substance that acts as a chemical messenger to produce chemotaxis.
Chemotaxin
Exact antigen binding site
Epitope
