Immunology Flashcards
what cytokines enhance NK cell activity?
IFN-a and INF-b
What is a thymus-independent antigen?
ex) LPS on bacteria can illicit an immune response without being presented to a T cell via MHC
what are the surface proteins on B cells?
CD-19 CD-20 CD-21
follicles are the site of _____
B cell activation
first degree follicles are _____
second degree follicles are _____
1: dense and quiescent
2: active with pale germinal centers
medullary sinuses contain
reticular cells and macrophages
medullary cords contain
lymphocytes and plasma cells
what part of lymph enlarges in an extreme cellular immune response?
paracortex (contains T cells)
the lymph paracortex is located _____ and contains _____
between follicles and medulla
high endothelial venules through which T and B cells enter from the blood
Key features in pathogen recognition of innate immunity:
Toll-like receptors recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and lead to activation of NF-kB
examples of PAMPs are LPS on bacteria, flagellin on bacteria and nucleic acids in viruses
key features in pathogen recognition of adaptive immunity
memory cells: activated B and T cells can mount a stronger and quicker immune response to exposure of a previous pathogen
innate immunity is ______ encoded
germline
adaptive immunity is acquired though ____
VDJ recombination
MHC II is only present on what type of cells?
APCs
MHC I present ____ antigens
endogenous antigens (viral or cytosolic proteins)
MHC II present ____ antigens
exogenous antigens (bacterial proteins)
how do NK cells work?
use perforin and granzymes to induce apoptosis of virally infected cells and tumor cells
what cytokines enhance NK cells?
IL-2, IL-12, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta
decreased expression of ____ can trigger NK cells?
MHC I
what cytokines are secreted by NK cells?
INF-gamma to recruit macrophages
MHC I is an inhibitory signal to what cells?
NK cells
What is the process of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity for NK cells?
the CD16 on NK cells binds the Fc region of bound IgG
this activates the NK cell
humoral immunity pertains to ___ cells
B cells