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SJ Phase 2a > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the multi potential haematopoietic stem cell

A

Hemocytoblast

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2
Q

What do hemocytoblasts differentiate into?

A
  1. Common myeloid progenitor
  2. Common lymphoid progenitor
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3
Q

What do common myeloid progenitor differentiate into?

A
  1. Megakaryocyte
  2. Erythrocyte
  3. Mast cell
  4. Myeloblast
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4
Q

What can common lymphoid progenitor differentiate into?

A
  1. Natural killer cell (large granular lymphocyte)
  2. Small lymphocyte
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5
Q

What can myeloblast differentiate into?

A
  1. Basophil
  2. Neutrophil
  3. Eosinophil
  4. Monocyte
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6
Q

What can monocytes differentiate into?

A

Macrophage

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7
Q

What can small lymphocyte differentiate into?

A
  1. T lymphocyte
  2. B lymphocyte
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8
Q

What can B lymphocyte differentiate into?

A

Plasma cell

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9
Q

Where do all immune cells originate?

A

In the bone marrow

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10
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

Thymus

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11
Q

Where are erythrocytes removed in the body?

A

spleen

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12
Q

Define innate immune response

A

Non specific defence system you are born with

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13
Q

Define adaptive immune response

A

Acquired defence system to combat pathogen growth

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14
Q

State the innate immune cells

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Macrophages
  3. Basophils
  4. Eosinophils
  5. Mast cells
  6. Natural killer cells
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15
Q

Describe neutrophils

A
  1. Innate
  2. Most abundant WBC
  3. Phagocytic
  4. Mainly involved in inflammation
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16
Q

Describe macrophages

A
  1. Innate
  2. Monocyte migration from blood to tissue leads to monocyte -> macrophage
  3. Phagocytotic
  4. Antigen presenting
  5. Cytokine secretion
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17
Q

Describe basophils

A
  1. Innate
  2. Allergic reactions
18
Q

Describe eosinophils

A
  1. Innate
  2. Parasitic infections
19
Q

Describe mast cells

A
  1. Innate
  2. Involved in anaphylaxis
  3. IgE binds to allergen which then binds to mast cells
  4. Triggers histamine release
20
Q

Describe natural killer cells

A
  1. Innate
  2. Release lytic granules that kill virus infected cells
21
Q

State the main antigen presenting cells (APCs)

A
  1. Dendritic cells
  2. Macrophages
  3. B cells
22
Q

Describe T helper cells

A
  1. Adaptive
  2. Can express CD4
  3. Helps activate B cells
  4. Helps activate cytotoxic T cells
23
Q

Describe cytotoxic T cells

A
  1. Adaptive
  2. Can express CD8
  3. Release perforin causing cells to lyse
24
Q

Describe B cells

A
  1. Adaptive
  2. Can express CD20 which is targeted way monoclonal antibodies
  3. Activated B cells become plasma cells that then produce antibodies
25
Describe the function of antibodies
1. Neutralise toxins 2. Opsonisation of pathogens 3. Destroy pathogens
26
State the 5 antibodies
1. IgA 2. IgM 3. IgG 4. IgE 5. IgD
27
What is the function and features of IgA?
1. Mucosal antibody as a dimer 2. Present in colostrum and coats neonate gut
28
What is the function and features of IgM?
1. Pentameric 2. Not entirely specific to antigen 3. Highest capacity to activate complement
29
What is the function and features of IgG?
1. Most abundant in the blood 2. Highly specific 3. Important during secondary responses 4. 4 subclasses 5. Can cross placenta
30
What is the function and features of IgE?
1. Bound to mast cells and basophils by FCeR 2. Allergy and helminth infection 3. Least abundant in the blood
31
What is the function and features of IgD?
1. Not that important 2. Function is debated
32
What are the 4 types of hypersensitivity?
1. Type I - Anaphylactic 2. Type II - Cell bound 3. Type III - Immune complex 4. Type IV - Delayed hypersensitivity
33
State the mechanism for Type I hypersensitivity
Antigen reacts with IgE bound to mast cells
34
Give examples of type I hypersensitivity
1. Anaphylaxis 2. Atopy (asthma, eczema, hayfever)
35
State the mechanism for Type II hypersensitivity
IgG or IgM binds to antigen on cell surface
36
Give examples of type II hypersensitivity
1. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia 2. Rheumatic fever 3. Goodpasture's syndrome
37
State the mechanism for Type III hypersensitivity
Free antigen and antibody combine
38
Give examples of type III hypersensitivity
1. Systemic lupus erythematosus 2. Post - streptococcal glomerulonephritis
39
State the mechanism for type IV hypersensitivity
T- cell mediated
40
Give examples of type IV hypersensitivity
1. TB 2. Graft vs host disease 3. MS 4. Guillain-Barre syndrome
41
What are the 3 components involved in anaphylaxis
1. IgE 2. Basophils 3. Histamine
42
What is the treatment for anaphylaxis?
1. ABCDE 2. IM adrenaline 3. IV fluids 4. Chlorophenamine (antihistamine) 5. Hydrocortisone

SJ Phase 2a (13 decks)

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