Immunology

Question 1

Good pastures

Answer 1

Autoimmune disease
Lungs and kidneys (lung Sx 1st)
Heamoptysis and haematuria
Type 2 hypersensitivity - collagen molecules alpha 3
Neutrophils — free O2 radicals damage basement membrane and endothelium and organ
RF: HLA-DR15 (bind to foreign molecules )
Environmental - infection, smoking, oxidative stress, hydrocarbon based solvents
Diagnosis : kidney biopsy fluorescents
Tx: corticosteroids and immuno-suppressants, plasmapheresis

Question 2

Type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 2

IgE mediated
Degranulation mast basophils
Inflammation and smooth muscle spasm
Onset : within 1 hour
Example: Allergy, anaphylaxis

ACID :
Allergy
Cytotoxic
Immune complex mediated
Delayed

Question 3

Type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 3

IgG / IgM
Cytotoxic (kill cells by complement/ phagocytosis)
Onset: Hours to days
Example: haemolytic anaemia , good pastures

Question 4

Type 3 hypersensitivity

Answer 4

Immune complex mediated IgG/IgM
Inflammation
Onset: 1-3 weeks
Example: serum sickness, SLE, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, polyarteritis nodosa.

Question 5

Type 4 hypersensitivity

Answer 5

T cell mediated
T helper and killer cells - cytokines
Delayed
Onset: days to weeks
Example: rash, nickel, poison ivy, MS, diabetes T1, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Question 6

Types of immunity

Answer 6

Active - created yourself
Passive - short lived, ABs (baby milk) or artificial
Innate - physical, chemical defence, cellular
Adaptive - vaccine

Question 7

AIDS defining conditions

Answer 7

Recurrent bacterial pneumonia
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Fungal infections - candidiasis
Karposi sarcoma Tumors
Primary lymphoma