Cancer

Question 1

Testicular cancer markers

Answer 1

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP)
hCH 
Mostly germ cell cancers - seminomas, non seminomas , mixed 
Rest are stromal Tumors or mets 
AFP also associated with liver cancer

Question 2

Prostate cancer marker

Answer 2

PSA

Question 3

Ovarian cancer marker

Answer 3

CA-125

Question 4

Colorectal cancer marker

Answer 4

CEA

Question 5

Marker for pancreatic cancer

Answer 5

CA- 19-9

Question 6

Marker for multiple myeloma

Answer 6

IgG IgA immunoglobulins

Question 7

Breast cancer marker

Answer 7

CA-15-3

Question 8

Mirazapine

Answer 8

Stimulates appetite and increase mood

Antidepressant

Question 9

P53

Answer 9

Tumour suppressor gene

Suppression = increase risk of malignancy

Question 10

Oncogenes

Answer 10

Mutated genes that promote autonomous cell growth in cancer cells
HER2 - breast cancer

Question 11

BRCA 1+2

Answer 11

Tumour suppressor gene
Breast and ovarian cancer
Mutation Increase risk significantly

Question 12

Lung cancer sites for distant mets

Answer 12

BLAB
Bone
Liver 
Adrenals 
Brain

Question 13

Squamous cell cancer lungs

Answer 13

Produce Parathyroid related peptide (PTHrp)—-> hypercalcaemia
Central opacities on CXR
Aggressive
Smoking

Question 14

Multiple myeloma

Answer 14

Bone marrow cancer - plasma cells
Sx: bone pain (spine, chest), nausea, constipation, confusion, thirst, weakness
Starts out relatively benign (MGUS) monoclonal gammaopathy of undetermined significance
M proteins - abnormal ABs
Comps: frequent infection, kidney damage , bone breaks , anaemia

Question 15

CD20

Answer 15

B cells in non Hopkins lymphoma

Question 16

Philadelphia chromosome 9:22

Answer 16

Chronic myeloid leukaemia