Immunology Flashcards
Determines isotype of an antibody
Heavy chains of the Fc region 📌
Hinge region of antibody
Bet CH1 and CH2 domains
Visualize the antibody
half
Fab region:
VL, VH
CL, CH1
hinge region
Fc region:
CH2
CH3
Complement binding
CH2
Macrophage binding
CH2, CH3
Mimotope
A macromolecule (often a peptide) which mimics the structure of an EPITOPE Causes an antibody response similar to the one elicited by the epitope
Present in both innate and adaptive immunity
Macrophage
Antigen presenting cells
Macrophage
Dendritic cells
B cells?
Lymphocytes in the spleen
B cells: white pulp
T cells: periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS)
Products of basophil
Histamine
Heparin
Bradykinin
Serotonin
1st line of defense
Tissue macrophages
2nd line of defense
Neutrophils invasion
3rd line of defense
Monocyte —> macrophage
Remarks on immunoglobulins
10^15 possible different immunoglobulins
Serum concentrations: GAMDE
Function of IgD
Enhance mucosal homeostasis and immune surveillance
Remarks on T cells
Although B cells recognize intact antigens, T cells respond to antigens ONLY when they are bound to MHC PROTEINS on the surface of APCs in the lymphoid tissues
There are as many as 100,000 receptor sites on a single T cell
3 major types of types of APC
DuMB
DENDRITIC CELLS (most potent)
MACROPHAGES
B CELLS
Remark/s on dendritic cells
Most potent of the APCs
Located throughout the body
Their only known function is to present antigens to T cells
Most numerous of the T cells
T-helper cells (75%)
Pangsaludo ni macrophage kay T helper cell
IL-1
IL-1-6
IL-1
- from macrophages
- stimulates T helper cells
IL-2
- from TH1 cells
- stimulates cytotoxic T cells
- suppressor T cells
- memory T cells
IL-4,5,6
- from TH2 cells
- stimulates B cells
- “B cell growth factors” (Guyton)
- IL4: IgE class switching
- IL5: differentiation of eosinophils
- IL-6: overproduced in castleman disease
Endogenous chemotactic signals
IL-8
C5a
Leukotriene B4
IL-12
- from macrophages and B cells
- stimulates production of interferon by TH1 cells and by NK cells
Cytokins for immunesuppressin
Matabang B-ga10
Lipoxin
TGF-B
IL-10
Antibodies via passive immunity last for
2-3 weeks
HSR of poison IV
4?
