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Phys Dis > Immunological Dx > Flashcards

Immunological Dx Flashcards

1
Q

Scleroderma & 3 main comps

A

Rheumatic, conn tissue dx associated w impaired immune responses; Vascular: Raynauds, constant recurrent restriction of BVs=pulm HTN & decreased esophageal motility. Fibrotic: thick/burning skin, restrictive lung disease. Autoimm: B-cell prod antibodies > genetic/environmentallty induced; most often women

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2
Q

Limited Scleroderma

A

Skin involvement w good prognosis & linear scleroderma=bands of thicker skin w good prognosis

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3
Q

Systemic Scleroderma

A

Of internal organs=life threatening; CREST syndrome w good prognosis: Calcinosis, Raynauds, Esophageal dysfun; Sclerodactyly of fingers/toes & Telangiectasis or red spots covering hands/feet/forearms/face/hips

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4
Q

Tx for Raynauds (Scleroderma)

A

Dress in layers - clothing modification (fingers/toes); Biofeedback - guided imagery to focus on distal circulation; Edu on skin inspection; Activity mod to prevent trauma to fingers/toes

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5
Q

Tx for Contractures rel to Scleroderma

A

Splint at optimal resting length for hands/wrists to slow development; Silicone gel in plams; Electrical/mechanical muffled vibration to stim rapidly adapting A-type nerve fibers & decrease burning sensation

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6
Q

Gen tx for Scleroderma

A

Nasal O for pulmonary artery probs, diet mods for Gi probs, cessation of exercise if myositis, protective gloves(cotton, insulated, mildly compressive) if fibrosis skin probs

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7
Q

AIDs: Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease

A

Acquired through unprotected sex/blood or body fluids.

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8
Q

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Disease

A

Retrovirus (DNA); Attacks lymphatic system (immunity system) - T cells/CD4 attack body

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9
Q

4 Stages of HIV Infection

A

Acute: flu-like. Asymptomatic: HIV replicated and affects imm system but does not show signs other than blood abnormalities. Symptomatic: signs/symptoms appear. Advanced: severely compromised immunity; CD5 (T cell) levels drop

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10
Q

HIV Symptoms

A

Enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, weight loss/malabsorption of nutrients, fever, diarrhea, decreased act tol, neurolog impairment: cog, affective, sensory, ADL impairments, myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy, visual impairment

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11
Q

Hep A/B

A

Viral infections. A= contaminated seafood/protective imm possible. B/C/Others= body or blood borne exposure/protective imm possible for B. HC workers are most susceptible to B. Fever, fatigue, decreased act tol & cirrhosis (liver degen)

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12
Q

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: MRSA

A

Usually mild infections (pimps/boils) > can be more serious including in surgical wounds. Can be local or systemic thru bloodstream affecting lungs or urinary tract. Risks: Weakened immune system, hosp confinement, close quarter living, direct contact (sports) or secondary (towels). Resists most antiboticis

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13
Q

MRSA Signs/Symptoms

A

Red/swelling/pain at wound, drainage, fever, skin abscess, chest pain, cough, fatigue, head/mus ache, rash, SOB - chance of reoccurring in future

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14
Q

Tx for Acute Hosp of Imm System Disorders

A

Early mobilization, preservation of function, positioning, psychological/emo support, prevent LT disability

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15
Q

Tx for In Pt Rehab of Imm System Disorders

A

Eval/restoration of fx’al abilities: ADL, IADL, econ, work simp, restoration of activity/ex tol, achievement /maintenance of QOL, role adjustment intervention, plan comm re-integ

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16
Q

Home Care for Imm System Disorders

A

Collab assessment (COPM) to set goals, eval/restore of fx’al ability, restore act/ex tol, comm mobility

17
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A

Insulin-dependent (only 5-10%); Autoimmune, genetic & environmental factors contribute

18
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A

Non-insulin dependent (90%); Older age, obesity, fam hx, prior hx of gestational dx, impaired glucose tolerance, physical inactivity, race

19
Q

Other Diabetes

A

Gestational (2-5% of all pregs-40% may develop Type 2): usually resolves after preg, obesity/race are risk factors. Genetic syndromes, surgery, drugs, malnut, infections.

20
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Diabetes

A

Frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, extreme hunger, visual changes, sensory changes in hands/feet, fatigue, very dry skin, slow healing wounds, increased rate of infections > Hypoglycemia: vagueness, dizzy, tachycardia, pallor, weakness, diaphoresis, seizures and/or coma

21
Q

Hyperglycemic Crisis

A

Ketoacidosis: dehydration, rapid/weak pulse, acetone breath. Hyperosmolar coma: stupor thirst, polyuria, neurolog abnorms. IV fluids/insulin req - call 991

22
Q

Tx for Diabetes

A

Preventative ther ex, edu on compliance/med mngt for condition, psychosoc/emo support, lifestyle mod to complications, protective issues regarding peripheral neuropathy, early attn to wound mngt, edu on how to notice fx’al changes and edu on what to do

23
Q

BMI: Body Mass Index

A

Calc by dividing weight in kilos by square of persons height in m. Overweight BMI=25-29.9, obesity=>30, morbidly obese=>40.

24
Q

Health Risks Associated w Obesity

A

Metabolic syndrome, HTN, HLD, Type 2 DM, cardiovas disease, stroke, glucose intol, sleep apnea, gallbladder disease, menstrual irregs/infertility, Ca, and chronic LBP

25
Q

Tx for Obesity

A

Lifestyle redesign, activity focused ex program, self monitoring ex responses, supportive coaching/counseling,, AT to max participation

26
Q

Co-morbidities w Obesity

A

Cardiopulmonary: angina, SOB, increased BP, joint pain/altered biomechanics, increase risk of pressure ulcers d/t shear forces, increased occurrence of lymphedema, cellulitis, skin fold dermatitis/other skin infections, increased heat intol=risk of hyperthermia/heat exhaustion & increased risk of th. injury when using body mechanics

27
Q

Symptoms of Lyme Disease

A

Fatigue, headache, chills/fever, mus/joint pain, swollen lymph nodes, rash, arthritis, numb, pain, bells palsy=weak on one side of face, meningitis

28
Q

Tx of Lyme

A

Edu on arthritic flares, rest, anti-inflams, splinting/wrapping to protect/prevent overstretching, energy conservation, work simplification, safety assessment, coping w chronic pain, PAMs to reduce pain, stress mngt techs, neutral warmth, adaptive techs to avoid tigger mvmts, facial splint, e-stim to stim denervated mus, edu on using fingers to help close mouth, counseling on body image, pluse-ox

29
Q

Conditions that Predispose pt to Decubitus Ulcers

A

Immobility/altered mobility, weight less, edema, incont, sensory deficiencies, circulation abnorms, dehydration, inadequate nutrition, obesity, patholog conditions/multiple co-morbidities and/or age related skin changes

30
Q

Suspected Deep Tissue Injury

A

Localized discoloration of intact skin or blood blister resulting from damage of underlying soft tissue - could evolve, rapidly

31
Q

Stage 1 Pressure Ulcer

A

Skin in tact w visible nonblanchable redness over localized area (bony prom), may be softer/firm or cooler/warmer than surrounding area, area may be painful/itchy, may be “at risk” but difficult to detect

32
Q

Stage 2 Pressure Ulcer

A

Involves dermis w partial thickness loss which presents as a shallow, open ulcer that is shiny or dry or as a blister. Wound bed is red-pink w/o slough or bruising

33
Q

Stage 3 Pressure Ulcer

A

Involves full thickness tissue loss w subcutaneous fat possible visible, Slough (dead matter) may be present, bone/tendon/mus not exposed, can range from shallow to very deep depending on location

34
Q

Stage 4 Pressure Ulcer

A

Full thickness tissue loss w bone/tendon/mus visible or directly palpable. Can range from shallow to very deep depending on location.

35
Q

Unstageable Pressure Ulcers

A

Invloves full thickness loss which the wound bed has slough and or eschar (scab/dark crusted ulcer) which covers base of ulcers

36
Q

Tx for Pressure Ulcers

A

Prevention is most effective. Group 1: cushions/mattresses w non-elec means (air, foam, gel or h20), Group 2: dynamic, elec-powered devices (alternatinf and low air loss mattresses) for full thick/mod-high risk ulcers & Group 3: dynamic, elec-powered devices (air-fluidize beds) for pts w nonhealing, full thick ulcers, weight shifting and skin care

37
Q

Heat Exhaustion is Characterized By

A

Rapid pulse, decreased BP, nausea, vom, cool pallid skin, mental confusion, headache and/or giddiness but no fever

38
Q

Heat Stoke is Characterized By

*med emergency

A

Hot, dry, red skin; body temp higher than 104; slow deep respiration; tachycardia; dilated pupils; confusion > seizures/LOC

Phys Dis (15 decks)

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