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PRELIMS > Immunohema Module 1 > Flashcards

Immunohema Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The term blood banking is being
replaced by the term

A

transfusion
medicine

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2
Q

Considered as the first victim of
blood transfusion

A

Pope Innocent VII

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3
Q

Discovered the ABO blood group in 1901

A

Karl Landsteiner

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4
Q

Carried out vein to vein transfusion using multiple syringes and a special cannula for puncturing the vein

A

Edward E. Lindemann

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5
Q

His apparatus enabled transfusions to be more practical

A

Unger

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6
Q

Pioneer of the Modern Blood Bank; Developed techniques in blood transfusion and blood preservation during the WWII

A

Dr. Charles Drew

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7
Q

he devised human to human transfusion

A

James Blundell

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8
Q

First animal to animal transfusion successful in dogs

A

Richard Lower

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9
Q

animal to human transfusion

A

Jean Baptiste Denis

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10
Q

Frequent transfusions and the massive use of blood soon resulted in new problems

A

circulatory overload

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11
Q

What are the (possible) abnormalities where RBCs pass through the small sinusoidal orifices of spleen?

A

spherocytes and bite cells

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12
Q

RBCs must remain ____, ____, and ____.

A

Deformable, Flexible, and Permeable.

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13
Q

Loss of deformability can result in:

A
  1. Loss of ATP levels
  2. Accumulation of membrane calcium
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14
Q

Any abnormality that increases permeability would ______.

A

decrease RBC survival

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15
Q

RBC are impermeable to cations:

A

Na and K

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16
Q

These can transverse the membrane in <1 second.

A

Chloride and Bicarbonate

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17
Q

The erythrocyte intra to extracellular ratio for Na and K are:

A

1:12 and 25:1

18
Q

How many cationic pumps transport Na out of cell and K into cell requiring ATP?

A

300 cationic pump

19
Q

a cytoplasmic calcium-binding protein, controls ATPase pumps to prevent excessive intracellular calcium buildup.

A

Calmodium

20
Q

True or False:

The RBC’s metabolic pathways that produce ATP are mainly ANAEROBIC, because the function of the RBC is to deliver oxygen, not to consume it.

A

True

21
Q

Also known as Embden-Meyerhof Pathway; Produces 90% of energy.

A

Anaerobic Glycolitic Pathway

22
Q

Produces 10% of the energy
Produces glutathione (anti-oxidant)

A

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

23
Q

Maintains iron in its reduced state

A

Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway

24
Q

Responsible for 2,3-DPG production

A

Luebering Rapaport Pathway

25
Q

Shift to the right of Hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve

A

Increase DPG,
decrease in Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen molecule,
increase O2 delivery to tissues

26
Q

Shift to left in hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve

A
  • increase O2 affinity
  • decrease O2 delivery to tissues
  • RBC less efficient
27
Q

Storage time for Citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1)

A

35 days

28
Q

The only chemical present in CPDA-1

A

Adenine

29
Q

Which chemical has this function:
Production of ATP which extends shelf life from 21 days to 35 days

A

Adenine

30
Q

What three chemical are present in all anticoagulant?

A

citrate, monobasic sodium phosphate, dextrose

31
Q

refers to traits that are not carried on the sex chromosomes.

A

Autosomal

32
Q

is carried by either parent or both parents but is not generally seen at the phenotypic level unless both parents carry the trait.

A

Recessive

33
Q

the trait is expressed only when an individual is homozygous for the allele and inherited the recessive allele from both parents

A

Autosomal-recessive inheritance

34
Q

If the father carries the trait on his X chromosome, he has no sons with the trait, but all his daughters will have the trait.

A

X-linked dominant inheritance

35
Q

The ____ blood group system is one of the few blood group systems that
follow an X-linked inheritance pattern.

A

Xga

36
Q

The father always expresses the trait but never passes it on to his sons.

A

X-linked recessive inheritance

37
Q

Examples of X-linked recessive inheritance

A

Hemophilia A and XK gene

38
Q

Clinical applications for alloimmunized patients or patients with multiple antibodies

A

DNA testing

39
Q

They have trouble obtaining compatible donor units. They are often sensitized to many antigens and have a rapid turnover of RBCs,
requiring frequent transfusion

A

Patients with AIHA

40
Q
A

PRELIMS (4 decks)

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