Immunohema Module 1

Question 1

The term blood banking is being
replaced by the term

Answer 1

transfusion
medicine

Question 2

Considered as the first victim of
blood transfusion

Answer 2

Pope Innocent VII

Question 3

Discovered the ABO blood group in 1901

Answer 3

Karl Landsteiner

Question 4

Carried out vein to vein transfusion using multiple syringes and a special cannula for puncturing the vein

Answer 4

Edward E. Lindemann

Question 5

His apparatus enabled transfusions to be more practical

Answer 5

Unger

Question 6

Pioneer of the Modern Blood Bank; Developed techniques in blood transfusion and blood preservation during the WWII

Answer 6

Dr. Charles Drew

Question 7

he devised human to human transfusion

Answer 7

James Blundell

Question 8

First animal to animal transfusion successful in dogs

Answer 8

Richard Lower

Question 9

animal to human transfusion

Answer 9

Jean Baptiste Denis

Question 10

Frequent transfusions and the massive use of blood soon resulted in new problems

Answer 10

circulatory overload

Question 11

What are the (possible) abnormalities where RBCs pass through the small sinusoidal orifices of spleen?

Answer 11

spherocytes and bite cells

Question 12

RBCs must remain ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 12

Deformable, Flexible, and Permeable.

Question 13

Loss of deformability can result in:

Answer 13

1. Loss of ATP levels
2. Accumulation of membrane calcium

Question 14

Any abnormality that increases permeability would ______.

Answer 14

decrease RBC survival

Question 15

RBC are impermeable to cations:

Answer 15

Na and K

Question 16

These can transverse the membrane in <1 second.

Answer 16

Chloride and Bicarbonate

Question 17

The erythrocyte intra to extracellular ratio for Na and K are:

Answer 17

1:12 and 25:1

Question 18

How many cationic pumps transport Na out of cell and K into cell requiring ATP?

Answer 18

300 cationic pump

Question 19

a cytoplasmic calcium-binding protein, controls ATPase pumps to prevent excessive intracellular calcium buildup.

Answer 19

Calmodium

Question 20

True or False:

The RBC’s metabolic pathways that produce ATP are mainly ANAEROBIC, because the function of the RBC is to deliver oxygen, not to consume it.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Also known as Embden-Meyerhof Pathway; Produces 90% of energy.

Answer 21

Anaerobic Glycolitic Pathway

Question 22

Produces 10% of the energy
Produces glutathione (anti-oxidant)

Answer 22

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Question 23

Maintains iron in its reduced state

Answer 23

Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway

Question 24

Responsible for 2,3-DPG production

Answer 24

Luebering Rapaport Pathway

Question 25

Shift to the right of Hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve

Answer 25

Increase DPG, decrease in Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen molecule, increase O2 delivery to tissues

Question 26

Shift to left in hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve

Answer 26

- increase O2 affinity - decrease O2 delivery to tissues - RBC less efficient

Question 27

Storage time for Citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1)

Answer 27

35 days

Question 28

The only chemical present in CPDA-1

Answer 28

Adenine

Question 29

Which chemical has this function: Production of ATP which extends shelf life from 21 days to 35 days

Answer 29

Adenine

Question 30

What three chemical are present in all anticoagulant?

Answer 30

citrate, monobasic sodium phosphate, dextrose

Question 31

refers to traits that are not carried on the sex chromosomes.

Answer 31

Autosomal

Question 32

is carried by either parent or both parents but is not generally seen at the phenotypic level unless both parents carry the trait.

Answer 32

Recessive

Question 33

the trait is expressed only when an individual is homozygous for the allele and inherited the recessive allele from both parents

Answer 33

Autosomal-recessive inheritance

Question 34

If the father carries the trait on his X chromosome, he has no sons with the trait, but all his daughters will have the trait.

Answer 34

X-linked dominant inheritance

Question 35

The ____ blood group system is one of the few blood group systems that follow an X-linked inheritance pattern.

Answer 35

Xga

Question 36

The father always expresses the trait but never passes it on to his sons.

Answer 36

X-linked recessive inheritance

Question 37

Examples of X-linked recessive inheritance

Answer 37

Hemophilia A and XK gene

Question 38

Clinical applications for alloimmunized patients or patients with multiple antibodies

Answer 38

DNA testing

Question 39

They have trouble obtaining compatible donor units. They are often sensitized to many antigens and have a rapid turnover of RBCs, requiring frequent transfusion

Answer 39

Patients with AIHA