AUBF Urinary System

Question 1

tube that connects urinary bladder to genitals

Answer 1

Urethra

Question 2

functional unit of kidney that forms urine

Answer 2

nephrons

Question 3

houses the glomerulus

Answer 3

Bowman’s capsule

Question 4

Total renal plasma flow

Answer 4

600-700 mL/min

Question 5

what part of kidney does not reabsorb water

Answer 5

Ascending loop of henle

Question 6

Renin will react with _____ to produce Angiotensin I (inert).

Answer 6

Angiotensinogen

Question 7

______ changes angiotensin I (inert) to angiotensin II (passive)

Answer 7

ACE (angiotensin converter enzyme)

Question 8

Substance removed from the glomerular filtrate and returned to _______.

Answer 8

blood

Question 9

Two ways or locations where reabsorption of substances happen.

Answer 9

1. PCT and DCT to Peritubular capillaries
2. LOH to vasa recta

Question 10

substances reabsorbed through active transport

Answer 10

Glucose, amino acids, salts, chloride, sodium

Question 11

Plasma concentration of a substance at which active transport stops & increased amounts are excreted in the urine.

Answer 11

Renal treshold

Question 12

Final concentration of the filtrate through the reabsorption of water begins in the _____ and continues in the ______.

Answer 12

late distal CT; collecting ducts

Question 13

Water reabsorption depends on the _____ in the medulla and the hormone ______.

Answer 13

osmotic gradient in the medulla and the hormone vasopressin.

Question 14

secretion of sulfates, glucoronides, H+ and drugs happens in the

Answer 14

PCT

Question 15

secretion of K+, ammonia and H+ happens in the

Answer 15

DCT and Collecting ducts

Question 16

Passage (secretion) of substances from the peritubular capillaries to the renal tubules

Answer 16

Tubular secretion

Question 17

The rate at which glomeruli in the kidney filter impurities in the blood.
Defined as the volume of plasma that can be completely cleared of a particular substance by the kidneys in a unit of time.

Answer 17

GFR or Glumerular Filtration Rate

Question 18

Measure the rate at which the kidneys are able to remove a filterable substance from the blood; Standard test

Answer 18

Clearance Test

Question 19

Factors in the selection of a clearance test substance:

Answer 19

Stability of a substance in urine during a 24-hour collection period
2. Consistency of the plasma level
3. Substances availability to the body
4. Availability of tests for analysis of the substance

Question 20

Routine test for measurement of GFR

Answer 20

Crea Clearance

Question 21

more sensitive than Creatinine Clearance; not reliable in patients w/ malignancy & immunologic disorders

Answer 21

Beta2 microglobulin clearance test

Question 22

Small protein produced by all nucleated cells; Recommended for pediatric patients, diabetics, elderly,
and critically ill patients.

Answer 22

Cystatin C

Question 23

Best test for quantitative measurement of renal concentrating ability

Answer 23

Osmometry

Question 24

• make up 85% of the nephrons
• located in the cortex of the kidney
• For removal of wastes products and reabsorption of nutrients

Answer 24

Cortical nephrons

Question 25

▪ longer Henle’s loops that extend in to the kidney medulla
▪ For concentration of urine

Answer 25

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 26

small branch of the renal artery through which blood flows to the glomerulus of the kidney

Answer 26

Afferent Arteriole

Question 27

coil of approx. 8 capillary lobes

Answer 27

Glomerulus

Question 28

Forms the beginning of the renal tubule

Answer 28

Bowman’ capsule