Molecular Biology

Question 1

Origin of Molecular Biology started in

Answer 1

1930s and 1940s

Question 2

The term “molecular biology” was first used in 1938 by

Answer 2

Warren Weaver

Question 3

allows the detection of microbial nucleic acid directly from the sample

Answer 3

FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization)

Question 4

Examples are determination of antibiotic resistance and detection of Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsy specimens, Identifying bacteria from CSF, Staphylococcus aureus from blood cultures

Answer 4

FISH

Question 5

specific oligonucleotide probes are attached at known locations on a nitrocellulose strip as parallel lines and hybridized with biotin-labelled PCR products

Answer 5

Line Probe Assay

Question 6

Examples are rapid detection of rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis; detection of antiviral drug- resistant mutations of HBV

Answer 6

Line Probe Assay

Question 7

most frequently used molecular diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of infectious pathogens

Answer 7

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Question 8

A modification of PCR, two adjacent probes hybridize to one strand of the target DNA. It allows the detection of only single base pair mutations, and it is very specific.

Answer 8

Ligase Chain Reaction

Question 9

The target RNA is converted to double-stranded DNA by using T7 RNA polymerase, Rnase H, and a primer with a T7 promoter.

Answer 9

Nucleic Acid Sequence-based Amplification (NASBA)

Question 10

consist of a two-dimensional matrix of biomolecules which are printed or synthesized on a glass, silicon, plastic or nylon membrane

examples:
detection of rifampicin- and isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis, detection of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, and herpesvirus detection from CSF

Answer 10

Microarrays