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HD exam one > Immunoglobulin structure > Flashcards

Immunoglobulin structure Flashcards

1
Q

IgG

A

Predominant antibody in the secondary immune response

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2
Q

IgA

A

Predominant antibody in external secretions

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3
Q

IgM

A

Predominant antibody in primary response

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4
Q

IgD

A

Found mainly on the surface of B cells

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5
Q

IgE

A

Involvement in allergic hypersensitivities

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6
Q

Common core structure of all antibodies

A

Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains, where each light chain is attached to a heavy chain and the heavy chains are attached to each other

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7
Q

Immunoglobulin domain

A

Where all the chains, each of about 110 amino acids in length, all fold independently

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8
Q

Isotypes of light chain

A

Either kappa or lambda

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9
Q

N-terminal region of the heavy and light chains

A

Variable regions; the rest of them are all constant regions

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10
Q

Variable region

A

Combination of the heavy chain variable and light chain variable regions make up the antigen binding region

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11
Q

Constant region

A

Carries out other effector functions of the antibody (crossing the placenta, sites for attachment of Fc receptor, complement binding)

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12
Q

CDRs

A

Complementarity determining regions - three sites on the variable region above all else determine what will bind

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13
Q

How are the CDRs exposed?

A

When they fold, the portions of the CDR in the amino acid sequence stick out as projecting loops

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14
Q

How is IgM secreted?

A

In its pentameric form, with a molecular weight of 900,000 daltons

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15
Q

What joins the subunits of IgM?

A

The J chain

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16
Q

IgM is the primary antibody for antigen administered __

A

parenterally.

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17
Q

IgM is also the primary antibody elicited by __

A

T-independent antigen

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18
Q

How is IgM expressed on B cells?

A

As a monomer

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19
Q

Can IgM cross the placenta?

A

No

20
Q

Approximate serum concentration of IgM

A

100 mg/dL

21
Q

IgG is the antibody most characteristic for ___

A

secondary response

22
Q

What is the difference in structure between IgG’s secreted and membrane form?

A

Nothing significant; both monomeric, both ~150,000 daltons

23
Q

How does IgG recruit complement fixation?

A

Varies based on subclass

24
Q

Can IgG cross the placenta?

A

Yes, due to presence of FcRn

25
Q

Approximate serum concentration of IgG

A

1200 mg/dL

26
Q

Typical form of IgD

A

Membrane form

27
Q

Function of IgD

A

B cell antigen receptor along with IgM

28
Q

Serum concentration of IgD

A

3 mg/dL

29
Q

To what types of cells does IgE bind?

A

Mast cells and basophils due to Fc receptor

30
Q

How is IgE secreted?

A

As a CHO-rich monomer of 190,000 daltons

31
Q

Serum concentration of IgE

A

30 mcg/mL

32
Q

How does predominant IgA occur?

A

As a dimer

33
Q

How are the subunits of IgA joined?

A

By the J chain

34
Q

How does serum IgA occur?

A

As a monomer (function is unclear)

35
Q

Can IgA cross the placenta?

A

No

36
Q

How does it fix complement?

A

Through alternative pathway

37
Q

Serum concentration of IgA

A

300 mg/dL

38
Q

IgA plays a crucial role in __

A

mucosal immunity

39
Q

How do antibodies contribute to the immune response?

A

By binding to and neutralizing pathogens, as well as signalling for destruction by other cells

40
Q

Fc-receptor mediated killing

A

If antibodies don’t neutralize the pathogen, the Fcs on the antibodies will signal to FcRs on macrophages, eosinophils, NK cells, basophils, and mast cells, and they’ll kill it

41
Q

Neonatal antibody production

A

IgG: maternal IgG for the first few months, then reaches adult levels at age 4
IgM: adult levels reached at age 10 months
IgA: adult levels reach at 10 years old

42
Q

Clinical use of immunoglobulins: polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies

A

Polyclonal is found in immunized individuals. Monoclonal can be used in vitro to keep passive antibodies

43
Q

Examples of polyclonal antibody uses

A

IVIG treatment for inflammatory diseases

44
Q

Examples of monoclonal antibody therapy

A

Tumor-specific antibodies to treat cancer

45
Q

Immunoglobulin classes are distinguished based on __

A

the constant region of the heavy chain.

HD exam one (9 decks)

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