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HD exam one > Antigen presentation and the MHC > Flashcards

Antigen presentation and the MHC Flashcards

1
Q

Location of macrophages

A

Blood, liver, spleen

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2
Q

location of dendritic cell

A

Skin, lymphoid tissues

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3
Q

Location of B cells

A

Lymphoid tissues, infection sites

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4
Q

Macrophages in the different parts of the body

A

Microglia in the brain, Kupffer cells in the liver

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5
Q

Skin APCs

A

Langerhans cells, which line the junction of the dermis and epidermis

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6
Q

How do skin APCs help the immune response?

A

They travel to the paracortex and present to the T cells there

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7
Q

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells

A

Produce large quantities of interferon in response to viral infections

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8
Q

Conventional dendritic cells

A

Undergo a maturation process

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9
Q

From what are antigenic peptides usually derived on an MHC I molecule?

A

Viruses that have taken over the cell

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10
Q

How are invaded viruses made into antigens?

A

Proteosomes in the cell degrade them and put them on the MHC (subunits LMP2 and LMP7)

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11
Q

Transport of peptides to the MHC

A

Transported by TAP-1 and -2

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12
Q

ER antigen chaperones

A

Erp57, calnexin, calreticulin

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13
Q

What is the purpose of ER chaperone proteins?

A

Blocks the MHC from being bound by anything other than its antigen

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14
Q

ERAAP

A

Removes the chaperone proteins and allows the binding of the antigen to MHC in the endoplasmic reticulum

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15
Q

After the antigen is attached in the ER, what happens?

A

The antigen complex moves through the golgi body, is put into a vesicle, and transported to the cell surface

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16
Q

From what are MHC class II antigens derived?

A

The products of degradation from phagocytosed substances

17
Q

What is the associated protein with MHCII?

A

Ii

18
Q

How is Ii removed from the complex?

A

Acidification

19
Q

What is left in Ii’s spot after acidification?

A

CLIP

20
Q

What loads/unloads CLIP from the complex?

A

DM

21
Q

What is displayed in the MHC complexes when there is no foreign antigen?

A

Class I: self antigen

Class II: CLIP

22
Q

Th1 cells

A

Activate macrophages

23
Q

Th2 cells

A

Induce antibody synthesis

24
Q

B7

A

Also known as CD80 or CD86; co-stimulatory molecule on APCs

25
Q

What are the two signals necessary for activation of T cells?

A

Binding to the MHC and also the interaction of B7 with CD28

26
Q

Why would an APC not express B7?

A

When they take up antigens that are not microbial, they don’t always express B7

27
Q

What happens when B7 is not expressed?

A

When T cells recognize the MHC on an APC, they stimulate the APC to express CD40, which binds to the CD40L on the T cell and takes the place of the B7/CD28 interaction

28
Q

What is the interaction between B7 and CD28?

A

CD28 cleaves B7 and then induces T cell proliferation and differentiation

29
Q

What stimulates the B cell to make B7?

A

Presence of the antigen on the MHC

30
Q

What happens after MHC-peptide engagement?

A

TCR initiates a phosphorylation cascade that triggers a lot of branching pathways

31
Q

Time course of MHC-peptide engagement

A

If bound for a short period of time, killer T execution will be activated; however, complex functions like T cell proliferation take a connection that lasts minutes-hours

32
Q

Mature immunological synapse

A

Specific pattern of receptor recognition with a central cluster of TCRs surrounded by a ring of adhesion molecules

33
Q

Intermediate ring

A

Enriched with adhesion molecules like LFA-1 and ICAM-1 that promote efficient TCR-MCH-peptide interaction and lead to a biological response

34
Q

Location of ICAM-1 and LFA-1

A

LFA-1: T cell surface

ICAM-1: APC surface

35
Q

Inner circle

A

TCR, CD4, and co-stimulatories

HD exam one (9 decks)

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