Immuno. III - Week 3 (Gastroenterology)

Question 1

Define Coeliac Disease

Answer 1

Immune reaction to gluten which is found in wheat, barley and rye.

Question 2

What is the treatment of Coeliac Disease?

Answer 2

strict-gluten free diet

Question 3

What are the symptoms of coeliac disease?

Answer 3

diarrhoea, bloating, wind, fatigue, low blood count, osteoperosis

Question 4

How is Coeliac diagnosed?

Answer 4

1. Tissue transglutaminase autoantibody detection
2. Deaminated Gliadin autoantibody detection
3. Endomysial antibodies
4. Gliadin autoantibodies

Question 5

How are anti-tTg produced in the body?

Answer 5

Tissue transglutaminase deaminates glutamine residues into primary amines which can be detected by APCs, causing an immune response and anti-tTg is produced.

Question 6

How are anti-DGPs produced in the body?

Answer 6

Deaminated gliadin peptides bind to HLA of APCs, forming an immune response and make anti-DGP.

Question 7

What is the pathophysiology of coeliac disease?

Answer 7

Gluten converted to gliadin.
Gliadin leaks through villi.
Deaminated by tissue transglutaminase into deaminated gliadin.
Exposed to HLA of APC.
Activated T cell and B cell.
Production of coeliac autoantibodies.
Inflammed and flattened villi.
Nutritional, iron, and folic acid deficiency.

Question 8

What are two examples of inflammatory bowel Disease?

Answer 8

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.

Question 9

What areas of the intestines does ulcerative colitis and crohn’s disease affect?

Answer 9

Ulcerative collitis affects the colon while crohn’s disease affects any part of the system.

Question 10

What testings are done to identify Intestinal Bowel Diseases?

Answer 10

Full blood count to look for white blood cells
Iron levels specifically ferritin and transferrin
Urea and electrolyte measurements due to loss by diarrhoea
Serology testing to identify the markers of inflammation: pANCA, ASCA, CBir1, OmpC.

Question 11

What are the causes of inflammation digestive system related AIDS?

Answer 11

Diet: poorly digested food triggers inflammation of the intestines, triggering an autoimmune response, attacking the organ which worsens the swelling.
Lack of good bacteria: A healthy guts promotes healthy bacteria but lack of good bacteria triggers the immune system to attack the bad bacteria.